Escherichia coli
a.	Lactoferrin
			Amoeba, Giardia
b.	BSSL
			Malaria
c.	PABA
			Bacteria
d.	Peroxidases

a.	False
b.	False
c.	False
d.	False
e.	False

Other points to know:

■	Lactalbumin—rich in tryptophan, neurotransmitter
■	Lactoferrin—absorption of iron and zinc, bacteriostatic
■	Comparison of cow’s milk and human milk
■	Bifidus factor—promotes growth of lactobacilli
■	Amino acids—specific for brain development

a.	Infant Milk Substitutes Act
b.	1992
c.	Five points are:

i.	No person shall use healthcare system or placards or posters— promotion of use or sale of infant milk substitutes
ii.	No means of advertisements of infant food or formula
iii.	No display of artificial infant feeing products in healthcare facilities/no free samples
iv.	Company marketing personnel, no matter what should not have direct contact with mothers
v.	Only parents who need to give artificial feeds should be instructed—to be provided by healthcare personnel (HCP). It should include details on the superiority of breast milk and hazards of artificial feed.

| Fetal growth events | | | |
| | | | 4 weeks |
| a. | Heartbeat | |
| | | |
| | | | 8 weeks |
| b. | Circulation | |
| | | |
| | | | 16 weeks |
| c. | Meconium | |
| | | |
| | | | 20 weeks |
| d. | Surfactant | |
| | | |
| | | | 14 weeks |
| e. | Fetal movement | |
| | | |
| | | | 10-12 weeks |
| f. | External genitalia | |
| | | |
| | | | 28 weeks |
| g. | Early sucking | |
| | | |
| | | | 12 weeks |
| h. | Bile secretion | |
| | | |
| | | | 22 weeks |
| i. | Phonation | |
| | | |
| | | | 18 weeks |
| j. | Respiration | |
| | | |

a.	Body mass index: Weight (kg)/Height (m2)
b.	Obese
c.	Weight/height, skinfold thickness, and waist circumference
d.	(i) Constitutional—advanced and (ii) Pathological—retarded
e.	Prader–Willi, Laurence–Moon-Biedl–Bardet, Beckwith–Wiedemann, Cushing’s

Other points:

■	Know about anthropometry
■	Age independent anthropometric indicators—Bangle test, Shakir’s tape, Quac stick, modified Quac stick, BMI, Quetelet index, and Nabarro thinness chart
■	Classification of malnutrition

| 0 | | | | Calorie | Protein |
| | | | | 59 | 0.2 |
| 1. | Apple 100 g | |
| | | |
| | | | | 320 | 7.2 |
| 2. | Ragi 100 g | |
| | | |
| | | | | 560 | 25 |
| 3. | Groundnut 100 g | |
| | | |
| | | | | 40 | 1 |
| 4. | Two biscuits | |
| | | |
| | | | | 60 | - |
| 5. | Sugar 3 tsp | |
| | | |
| | | | | 80 | 6 |
| 6. | Boiled egg | |
| | | |
| | | | | 200 | 10 |
| 7. | Egg flip | |
| | | |
| | | | | 100 | 2 |
| 8. | Vada 2 numbers | |
| | | |
| | | | | 125 | 2.5 |
| 9. | SAT mix 6 tsp | |
| | | |
| | | | | 70 | 2 |
| | 10. | Chappati (1) | |
| | | | |

a.	Stages:

X1A	Xerosis conjunctiva
X1B	Bitot’s spots
X2	Xerosis cornea
X3A	Corneal ulceration
X3B	Keratomalacia
XN	Night blindness
XS	Corneal scarring
XF	Fundoscopic changes

b.	Daily requirement—1,500 IU (500 mg)

c. • <1 year—100,000 IU and >1 year—200,000 IU

•	Immediately, next day, after 2–4 weeks
•	In severe protein energy malnutrition (PEM), repeat monthly till PEM resolves

d.	First symptom—delayed dark adaptation
e.	Xerophthalmia is treated by giving 1500 mg/kg vitamin A orally for 5 days followed by intramuscular injection of 7500 mg of vitamin A in oil, until recovery.

a.	Vitamin D deficiency rickets
b.	Cupping, fraying, widening of distal end of metaphysis, rachitic rosary, coarse trabeculation of diaphysis, and generalized rarefaction
c.	60,000 IU fortnightly (after every 2 weeks) for 5 doses with oral calcium supplementation.
d.	Vitamin D-dependent rickets type 2
e.	Treatment: High-dose vitamin D and calcium
	Initial dose of 1,25 D should be 2 µg/day, some patients require as high as 50–60 µg/day
	Calcium doses are 1,000–3,000 mg/day

Other points to know:

■	Vitamin D metabolism
■	Know about deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency
■	What is level of vitamin D toxicity?
■	Relation between calcium and vitamin D—1 g% reduction in serum albumin will reduce serum calcium by 0.8 mg%
■	Stoss therapy—600,000 IU oral or IM
■	Know about Chvostek, Trousseau, and Erb signs

a.	Thiamine
b.	Vitamin E
c.	Biotin/vitamin H
d.	Vitamin B5/Pantothenic acid
e.	Niacin

a.	Mothers’ absolute affection
b.	Promotion, protection, and support of breastfeeding through healthcare system to achieve higher rates
c.	Build an enabling environment for breastfeeding, reinforce lactation support, and incentives for health systems that attain higher rates of breastfeeding
d.	Communication, training of nurses, ANM, and ASHA

a.	Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram
b.	Birth to 18 years
c.	Early identification and early intervention for children from birth to 18 years to cover 4 D’s—Defects at birth, Diseases in children, Deficiency conditions, Developmental delays including disability
d.	Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

e.

| Defects at birth | | | Deficiencies | | |
| | | | | | |
| • | Neural tube defect | | • | Anemia, especially severe | |
| • | Down syndrome | | • | Vitamin A deficiency (Bitot’s spots) | |
| • | Cleft lip and palate/cleft palate alone | | • | Vitamin D deficiency (rickets) | |
| • | Talipes (club foot) | | • | Severe acute malnutrition | |
| • | Developmental dysplasia of the hip | | • | Goiter | |
| • | Congenital cataract | | | | |
| • | Congenital deafness | |
| • | Congenital heart diseases | |
| • | Retinopathy of prematurity | |
| | | |
| Diseases in childhood | | | Developmental delays and disabilities | | |
| | | | | | |
| • | Skin conditions (scabies, fungal infection, and eczema) | | • | Vision impairment | |
| • | Otitis media | | • | Hearing impairment | |
| • | Rheumatic heart disease | | • | Neuromotor impairment | |
| • | Reactive airway disease | | • | Motor delay | |
| • | Dental conditions | | • | Cognitive delay | |
| | | | • | Language delay | |
| | | |

a.	Prime Minister Narendra Modi, 2018
b.	Establishment of Health and Wellness Centers, Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana
c.	National Health Policy, 2017
d.	To produce comprehensive primary health care including maternal and child health services, noncommunicable disease, free essential drugs, and diagnostic services
e.	Health benefits to poor, vulnerable families. Cashless benefits, free treatment at public and private hospitals at times of need

a.	It is a technique used to initiate relactation in mothers who have developed lactation failure
b.	A nasogastric tube (NGT) 8 size (5 size NGT can be used but the milk should be strained to remove the small particles that block the tube). The appropriate amount of supplemental suckling milk is put in the cup. The mother or assistant holds it.
c.	The end of the tube is put in the cup. The tip of the tube is plastered over the breast at the nipple and the infant is offered the breast in the normal way so that the infant attaches properly.

At first, the cup should be placed about 5–10 cm below the level of nipples so the SS milk can be taken with little effort by a weak infant. It must never be placed above the level of nipple, as it may flow quickly into the infant’s mouth and cause risk of inhalation.

a.	“L” is for the infant’s ability to latch onto the breast. “A” is for the presence of audible swallowing of the infant at the breast. “T” is for the mother’s nipple type. “C” is for the mother’s sense of comfort. “H” is for holding, or the breastfeeding position used by the mother, and the amount of help the mother requires in holding the infant.
b.	It provides an assessment of the breastfeeding and to identify the areas that require intervention and serves as a communication tool among caregivers
c.	A score of 0–2 for each assessment, minimum—0 and maximum—10

a.	CLMC: Comprehensive Lactation Management Centre
b.	LMU: Lactation Management Units
c.	DC: Digestibility coefficient
d.	RDA: Recommended dietary allowance
e.	SDA: Specific dynamic action
f.	EAR: Estimated Average Requirement
g.	NPU: Net protein utilization
h.	BV: Biological value
i.	DRI: Dietary reference intake
j.	JUNCS: J—junk foods (foods high in fats, especially saturated and trans fats, sugars and salts, and foods lacking in micronutrients/minerals); U: Ultra-processed foods (as defined in the fourth category of NOVA classification); N: Nutritionally inappropriate foods. Homemade foods can also qualify to be nutritionally inappropriate if prepared in recycled oil, or contain high amount of sugar, fat, or salt; C: Caffeinated/colored/carbonated beverages; S: Sugar-sweetened beverages.

Recommended dietary allowance (RDA): Average daily intake of a nutrient sufficient to meet the requirement of nearly all healthy in a particular stage or gender

Specific dynamic action (SDA)/Thermic effect of food (TEF): Energy used for digestion

Estimated average requirement (EAR): Average daily intake of a nutrient sufficient to meet the requirement of half of healthy individuals in a parti­cular stage or gender

Net protein utilization (NPU): Amount of retained nitrogen compared to nitrogen present in food

Biological value (BV): Amount of retained nitrogen compared to absorbed nitrogen

Protein efficiency ratio (PER): Gain in the weight of experimental animal per unit weight of protein consumed

a.	Scurvy
b.	Pencil outline of diaphysis and epiphysis, white line of Frenkel

•	Epiphyseal ossification centers—ground glass appearance with surrounding sclerotic ring
•	Trummerfeld zone—zone of rarefaction under the white line at metaphysis
•	Pelkan spur
•	Subperiosteal hemorrhages

c.	Children on heat-treated milk or unfortified formulas, not receiving fruits or vegetables, total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
d.	Vitamin C supplements: 100–200 mg/day orally for a period of 4–6 weeks or still the symptoms resolve. Treatment may need to be continued upto 3 months.

a.	Nutritional supplements containing one or more cultures of living organisms (typically bacteria or yeast) that when introduced into a human or animal have beneficial impact by improving the endogenous microflora, e.g., Lactobacillus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis
b.	Foods that promote the growth of probiotic stains of bacteria—lactulose, lactitol, and inulin. They are neither hydrolyzed or absorbed from the GI tract and are usually fermented by the beneficial bacteria in the colon.
c.	Synbiotics are mixture of probiotics and prebiotics as one concoction. Prebiotic + probiotic—lactobacilli with lactitol, Bifidobacterium with fructooligosaccharides (FOS)

d.	Type I	Type II
	Has body store	Little or no store
	Reduces in concentration in deficiency	Stable concentration
	Specific signs of deficiency	No
	Growth failure not a feature	Predominant feature
	Variable in breast milk	Stable
	Iron, iodine, and copper	N2, essential amino acid (AA), K, and Mg

■	Fluids: 60 mL/kg/day = 60 × 1.8 = 108 mL
■	Smoff 20% = 2 g/kg/day = 3.6 g/day = 3.6/20 × 100 = 18 mL/day = 0.75 mL/hour
■	Net IVF = 108 mL − 18 mL (Smoff) – 5 mL (antibiotics, to be considered if the baby is on any IV antibiotic) = 85 mL
■	Aminoven (10%) = 1.5 g/kg/day = 2.7 g/day = 2.7/10 × 100 = 27 mL
■	10% D = 85–27 mL = 58 mL
■	Aminoven + 10 D @ 3.5 mL/hour
■	GIR = mL/kg/day × %d/144 = 4 mg/kg/min
■	Final TPN order
■	Smoff 20% @ 0.75 mL/hour
■	Dextrose + Aminoven @ 3.5 mL/hour

Other points:

■	Indications of parenteral nutrition <1500 g, <31 weeks gestation, critical illness or surgery where feeds may not be started for upto 3–5 days
■	Schedule for monitoring while on parenteral nutrition:

Levels	0
Electrolytes	Daily till stable
Triglyceride (TGL)	During initiation and/or advancement for low gestational age infants receiving lipids
Ca, PO4, and ALK PO4	After 14 days of initiation and as clinically indicated
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and direct bilirubin	After 14 days of initiation and as clinically indicated

Complications associated with parenteral nutrition (PN):

•	Cholestasis
•	Metabolic bone disease
•	Metabolic abnormalities—azotemia, hyperammonemia, and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

• Hyperlipidemia/hypertriglyceridemia

•	Indirect hyperbilirubinemia
•	Sepsis

a.	Very severe disease/pink
b.	General danger signs:

•	ASK: Is the child able to drink or breastfeed? Has the child had vomiting? Is the child having convulsions?
•	LOOK: See if the child is lethargic or unconscious or having con­vulsions now.

c.	Complete assessment immediately

•	Give first dose of antibiotic and treat wheezing
•	Treat to prevent low blood sugar
•	Refer urgently to hospital

d.	Pneumonia/yellow

a.	To reduce anemia by 3% per year among children, adolescents, and women in the reproductive age group (15–49 years between the year 2018 and 2022)
b.	Interventions:

•	Prophylactic iron and folic acid supplementation
•	Deworming
•	Intensified year-round behavioral change communication
•	Testing of anemia using digital methods and point-of-care (POC) treatment
•	Mandatory provision of iron and folic acid in fortified foods in health programs
•	Addressing non-nutritional causes of anemia in endemic pockets—malaria and hemoglobinopathies

| c. | Age group | | | 0 |
| | 6-59 months | | | Biweekly 20 mg of elemental iron and 100 ng of folic acid |
| | 5-9 years | | | Weekly 45 mg of elemental iron and 400 ng of folic acid, sugar coated, pink color |
| | | | | Each tablet containing 60 mg elemental iron + 500 ng of folic acid, sugar coated, blue color |
| • | School going adolescent girls and boys (10-19 years) | |
| • | Out of school adolescents (10-19 years) | |
| | | |
| | Women of reproductive age group, nonpregnant, nonlactating (20-49 years) | | | Each tablet containing 60 mg elemental iron + 500 ng of folic acid, sugar coated, red color |
| | Pregnant and lactating mothers (0-6 months old) | | | Daily 60 mg of elemental iron + 500 ng of folic acid, sugar coated, red color |

| d. | Age group | | | 0 |
| | 6-59 months | | | Biannual dose of 400 mg albendazole (1/2 tablet to children 12-24 months and 1 tablet to children 24-59 months) |
| | 5-9 years | | | Biannual dose of 400 mg albendazole 1 tablet |
| | | | | Biannual dose of 400 mg albendazole 1 tablet |
| • | School going adolescent girls and boys (10-19 years) | |
| • | Out of school adolescents (10-19 years) | |
| | | |
| | Women of reproductive age group, nonpregnant, nonlactating (20-49 years) | | | Biannual dose of 400 mg albendazole 1 tablet |
| | Pregnant and lactating mothers (0-6 months old) | | | One dose of albendazole 400 mg 1 tablet, after the first trimester, preferably during the second trimester |

a.	Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram
b.	Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
c.	To benefit pregnant women who access government facilities for their delivery
d.	Free and cashless delivery, free C-section, free drug consumables, free diagnostics, free diet, free provision of blood, free transport, and free drop back

a.	Appetite test is an important criterion to differentiate a complicated from an uncomplicated SAM and decide on need for inpatient or outpatient management
b.	The appetite test should be conducted in a separate quiet area.

•	Explain to the mother/caregiver the purpose of the appetite test and how it will be carried out?
•	The mother/caregiver, where possible, should wash her/his hands.
•	The mother/caregiver should sit comfortably with the child on her/his lap and either offer the ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) from the packet or put a small amount on her/his finger and give it to the child.
•	The mother/caregiver should offer the child the RUTF gently, encouraging the child all the time. If the child refuses, then the mother/caregiver should continue to quietly encourage the child and take time over the test. The test usually takes a short time but may take up to 1 hour. The child must not be forced to take the RUTF.
•	The child needs to be offered plenty of water to drink from a cup as he/she is taking the RUTF.

c.	Body weight (kg)	Minimum amount of RUTF to be consumed for passing the appetite test (mL or g)
	>4	15
	4-6.9	25
	7-9.9	35
	10-14.9	50

d.	A child, not consuming the minimum recommended amount of RUTF, is labeled as failed “appetite test” and is referred for inpatient care.

a.	It is a process where nutrients are added to foods in small quantities to maintain or improve the quality of diet of group/community/population
b.	Measure to correct or prevent nutritional deficiency or restore the nutrients lost during processing
c.	No change in dietary pattern of population, no need for individual com­pliance, multiple micronutrients can be given in a continuous basis as per RDA, can be included in existing food production and distribution system
d.	Should be consumed in high proportion by population, locally available foods, unrelated to social or economic status, low potential for excessive intake, and no change in consumers acceptability
e.	Name given for reconstituted vitamin A or iron fortified rice with 11.4 g of vitamin A palmitate blended with unfortified rice in ratio of 1:100 or 1:200 to provide appropriate dietary level of micronutrients.

a.	POSHAN Abhiyaan is an overarching umbrella scheme. It aims to improve the nutritional outcomes for children, pregnant women, and lactating mothers by holistically addressing the multiple determinants of malnutrition and attempts to prioritize the efforts of all stakeholders on a comprehensive package of intervention and services targeted on the first 1,000 days of a child’s life.
b.	The objective is to ensure access to quality services across the continuum of care to every woman and child; particularly during the first 1,000 days of the child’s life.
c.	ICDS, PMMVY, NHM (with its subcomponents, such as JSY, MCP card, Anemia Mukt Bharat, RBSK, IDCF, HBNC, HBYC, Take Home Rations), Swachh Bharat Mission, National Drinking Water Mission, and NRLM.

a.	7th January 2014
b.	The strategy envisions that all adolescents in India can realize their full potential by making informed and responsible decisions related to their health and well-being by accessing the services and support they need to do so.
c.	Target group: 10–14 years and 15–19 years
d.	Objectives:

i.	Improve nutrition:

◆	Reduce the prevalence of malnutrition among adolescent girls and boys
◆	Reduce the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) among adolescent girls and boys

ii.	Improve sexual and reproductive health (SRH):

◆	Improve knowledge, attitudes, and behavior, in relation to SRH
◆	Reduce teenage pregnancies
◆	Improve birth preparedness, complication readiness, and provide early parenting support for adolescent parents

iii.	Enhance mental health: Address mental health concerns of adolescents
iv.	Prevent injuries and violence: Promote favorable attitudes for preventing injuries and violence [including gender-based violence (GBV)] among adolescents
v.	Prevent substance misuse: Increase adolescents’ awareness of the adverse effects and consequences of substance misuse
vi.	Address noncommunicable diseases (NCDs): Promote behavior change in adolescents to prevent NCDs such as hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes

a.	Kishori Shakti Yojana
b.	Objectives:

•	Enable the adolescent girls for self-development and empowerment
•	Improve their nutrition and health status
•	Promote awareness about health, hygiene, and nutrition
•	Support out of school adolescent girl to successfully transition back to formal schooling or bridge learning/skill training
•	Upgrade their home-based skills and life skills
•	Provide information/guidance about existing public services, such as Primary Health Centers, Rural Hospitals/CHCs, Post Office, Bank, Police Station, etc.

c.	Target age group: 11–14 years
d.	Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
e.	Nutritional and nonnutritional component

•	Nutritional component: Take home ration or hot cooked meal for 11–14 years
	Out of school girls: Nutrition provision is Rs. 9.50 per day (600 calories; 18–20 g of protein, and recommended daily intake of micronutrients per day for 300 days in a year). The financial norms will be Rs. 9.50 per beneficiary per day for 300 days in a year. This would be inclusive of the cost of micronutrient fortification.
•	Nonnutritional: For out of school adolescent girls

◆	IFA supplementation
◆	Health check‐up and referral services
◆	Nutrition and Health Education (NHE)
◆	Counseling/Guidance on family welfare/ARSH, child care practices
◆	Life skill education and accessing public services.

			Dental caries
a.	Fluoride
			Hypothyroidism
b.	Iodine
			Microcytic anemia and depigmentation of hair and skin
c.	Copper
			Impaired glucose tolerance and peripheral neuropathy
d.	Chromium
			Hypercholesterolemia
e.	Manganese
			Keshan disease
f.	Selenium
			Dermatitis around orifices and extremities
g.	Zinc
			Behavioral changes and anemia
h.	Iron
			Tachycardia, tachypnea, and night blindness
i.	Molybdenum

a.	Occurs in first week of life. Mainly due to starvation and dehydration caused by inadequate feeding
b.	Occurs during second week of life. Due to breast milk
c.	Beta glucuronidase
d.	Cholestatic jaundice
e.	Dubin–Johnson syndrome and Rotor syndrome
f.	Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.

a.	Triangular cord sign
b.	Biliary atresia
c.	Hyperbilirubinemia—direct, high-colored urine, and clay-colored stools
d.	Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
e.	BASM—biliary atresia and splenic malformation
f.	Kasai procedure

a.	Elevation of portal pressure above 7–10 mm Hg or >4 mm above inferior vena caval pressure
b.	Union of superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein. Forms behind the neck of pancreas at L2.
c.	Extra hepatic portal venous obstruction
d.	Umbilical sepsis
e.	Upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) bleeding and splenomegaly
f.	Continuous murmur from low to high pitch heard between umbilicus and lower sternum
g.	Obstruction of hepatic venous outflow may be thrombotic or non- thrombotic.

a.	Single dose: 200 mg/kg
	Cumulative dose: 90 mg/kg

b.	Paracetamol is metabolized by formation of n-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) which combines with glutathione and forms a nontoxic product. In overdose, glutathione gets saturated and hence NAPQI causes hepatocellular necrosis.
c.	Rumack–Matthew nomogram
d.	Supportive management, N-acetyl cysteine
e.	Coagulopathy and encephalopathy occurs within 8 weeks of onset of liver disease in a patient without previous liver disease
f.	Ph <7.3 (irrespective of grade of encephalopathy) or prothrombin time (PT) >100 seconds, serum creatinine > 300 µmol/L (grade 3 or 4)

a.	Galactosemia
b.	Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase
c.	Galactitol
d.	Oil drop cataract
e.	Stopping all galactose-containing foods
f.	Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism

a.	Autosomal recessive
b.	ATP7B and chromosome 13
c.	Kayser–Fleischer ring and sunflower cataract
d.	Low serum ceruloplasmin <20 mg% and urine copper >100 µg
e.	Urine copper >100 µg
f.	D-penicillamine, trientine, zinc, and ammonium tetramolybdate

a.	Dermatitis herpetiformis
b.	Villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and intraepithelial lymphocytosis
c.	Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma
d.	Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency
e.	MARSH criteria:
	Type 0: Normal mucosa
	Type 1: Normal mucosa with increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes
	Type 2: Type 1 + hyperplastic crypts
	Type 3: Type 2 + villous atrophy
	Type 4: Total villous atrophy and hypoplastic crypts
f.	Foods to be given—rice, corn, bajra, ragi, and sago; foods to be avoided—wheat, oats, rye, and barley
g.	IgA antibody to tissue transglutaminase

			Ulcerative colitis
a.	Lead pipe colon on barium X-ray
			Crohn’s disease
b.	ASCA positive
			Whipple disease
c.	PAS positive foamy macrophages in intestinal lamina propria
			Intussusception
d.	Target sign on USG
			Sigmoid volvulus
e.	Coffee bean sign on X-ray
			Hirschsprung’s disease
f.	Absence of ganglion cells

a.	Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
b.	Nonbilious vomiting
c.	Hypochloremic and hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
d.	Correction of alkalosis and correction of acid–base balance
e.	Pyloromyotomy—Ramstedt operation
f.	Atropine

a.	Intussusception
b.	Ultrasound abdomen
c.	Pain, palpable sausage-shaped abdominal mass, and currant jelly stool; Meckel’s diverticulum, enterostomy tube, and hemangioma
d.	Coiled-spring sign
e.	Hydrostatic reduction under USG guidance
f.	Recurrence of intussusception and bowel perforation

a.	Ventral and dorsal domains of primitive duodenal endoderm
b.	Annular pancreas results from incomplete rotation of ventral pancreatic anlage
c.	Pancreatic divisum occurs as a result of failure of fusion of dorsal and ventral pancreatic anlagen. Thus, the tail, body, and part of head of pancreas drain through small accessory duct of santorini.
d.	13th week
e.	Shwachman–Diamond syndrome

a.	Duration of >4 weeks with presence of more than two factors.

•	Defecation less than two times per week
•	Fecal incontinence greater than one episode per week, after acquiring toilet skills
•	History of excessive retention
•	Painful or hard bowel movements
•	Presence of large mass per abdomen on examination
•	Large diameter stools that may obstruct the toilet

b.	Duration >4 weeks
c.	Constipation not responding to conventional treatment for 3 months
d.	Rule of 1 should be done by 1 person:

•	One routine
•	One place
•	One word

e.	Polyethylene glycol and lactulose

a.	Acute pancreatitis
b.	Criteria: When two out three occurs—abdominal pain, serum amylase, or lipase at least three times greater than upper limit of normal, imaging characteristic of or compatible with pancreatitis.
c.	Cullen’s sign: In acute pancreatitis, intraperitoneal hemorrhage is seen as bluish discoloration around periumbilical area.
	Grey Turner’s sign: Bluish discoloration seen in the loin in intraperitoneal hemorrhage
d.	Serum lipase levels
e.	Cationic trypsinogen gene

i.	Chymotrypsin c gene
ii.	Cystic fibrosis gene
iii.	Trypsin inhibitor gene

f.	(i) Pancreatic pseudocyst and (ii) Necrosis
g.	Symptomatic management with intravenous fluids, nil per oral; Adequate analgesia. No role for prophylactic antibiotics.

a.	Oral rehydration solution, Standard ORS—311 mOsm /L
b.	Low osmolarity ORS—245 mOsm/L
c.	Rehydration solution for malnutrition
d.	ReSoMal contains less amount of sodium when compared to low osmolarity ORS.

e. • Glucose: 75 mmol/L

•	Sodium: 75 mmol/L
•	Potassium: 20 mmol/L
•	Chloride: 65 mmol/L
•	Citrate: 10 mmol/L

Annexure

OSCE Sample Topics

(Prepared by students, Pediatric Consultant, Special thanks to Dr Vigneshwari Raja, Rainbow Hospital, Chennai)

■OBSERVED STATIONS

■	Pediatric advanced life support (ALS), basic life support (BLS)—(single/double rescuer)

■	Neonatal resuscitation protocol—(meconium aspiration syndrome, preterm, twins, and MR SOPA acronym to remind resuscitators to initiate ventilation corrective steps: M (mask adjustment), R (reposition airway), S (suction mouth and nose), O (open mouth), P (pressure increase), A (alternate airway)

■	Development milestones

■	Procedures—(nebulization, intraosseous vascular access, handwashing technique, lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, administering insulin, metered dose inhaler usage, measuring peak expiratory flow rate, cardioversion, and defibrillation)

■	Counselling of parents—(prenatal counselling, febrile seizure, hemophilia, Down’s syndrome, thalassemia, migraine, constipation, breastfeeding, and nutrition)

■	History taking in chronological and systemic manner

■	Clinical examination—[focused examination, systemic examination, and pGALS (pediatric gait, arms, legs, and spine) examination]

■UNOBSERVED STATIONS

■	Equipment and devices—[bag and mask ventilation, nebulizer, Rotahaler, high-flow nasal cannula device, bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), nasogastric tube, endotracheal tube, oxygen delivery devices, and pulse oximetry]

■	Procedures—(intraosseous infusion and chest tube insertion)

■	Research and biostatistics—(sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, odds ratio, forest plot, chi-square test, and student’s t-test)

■	Infectious diseases—(measles, scrub typhus, dengue fever, viral hepatitis, Epstein–Barr virus, and malaria)

■	Metabolic disorders—(glycogen and lysosomal storage disorders and disorders of urea cycle)

■	Rheumatology—(juvenile idiopathic arthritis, vasculitis, Kawasaki disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and sequelae)

■	National health programs—[Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK), Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK), India Newborn Action Plan (INAP), Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI), Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), Vitamin A Prophylaxis, and Anaemia Mukt Bharath]

■	Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) and ophthalmology—(cherry red spot in fundus, retinopathy of prematurity, strabismus, retinitis pigmentosa, otitis media and externa, brainstem evoked response audiometry, acute tonsillitis, and choanal atresia)

■	Dermatology—(café-au-lait spots, ash-leaf macule, dermatophytoses, strawberry angioma, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, and acrodermatitis]

■	Gastroenterology—(diarrhea, gastroesophageal reflux disease, oral rehydration solution, malabsorption syndromes, and inflammatory bowel disease)

■	Cardiology—(heart sounds and murmurs, congenital heart disease, and cardiomyopathy)

■	Growth and development—(growth charts and developmental delay)

■	Endocrinology—(diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, cerebral salt wasting, and technetium-99m labeled radioactive nuclide scans)

■	Pulmonology—(bronchial asthma, bronchopneumonia, bronchiolitis, and chronic lung disease)

■	Hemato-oncology—(peripheral smears, hemolytic anemia, disorders of coagulation, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and tumor lysis syndrome)

■	Nephrology—(nephrotic syndrome, nephritic syndrome, complete urinalysis, micturating cystourethrogram, dimercaptosuccinic acid scan, urinary tract infection, and chronic kidney disease)

■	Neurology—[seizure disorders and antiepileptics, cerebral palsy, and hydrocephalus, neurofibromatosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, migraine, electroencephalogram (EEG), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]

■	Neonatology—(jaundice, hypothermia, vitamin K deficiency, respiratory distress syndrome, meconium aspiration syndrome, preterm, kangaroo mother care, and breastfeeding)

■	Pediatric surgery—(posterior urethral valve, omphalocele, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, malrota­tion of gut, intussusception, congenital inguinal hernia and hydrocele, hypospadias, epispadias, cryptorchidism, tracheoesophageal fistula, and Hirschsprung’s disease)

■	Emergency room (ER) and intensive care unit (ICU)—(shock, diabetic ketoacidosis, traumatic brain injury, status asthmaticus, status epilepticus, snake bites, scorpion bites, drug overdose, and poisoning)

■	Disorders of arterial blood gases and dyselectrolytemia

■	Capnography

■	Toxicology—[beta blocker, tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), iron, salicylates, and organophosphates]

■	Drugs—(adrenaline, adenosine, amiodarone, lignocaine, magnesium sulfate, and atropine)

■	Neuroimaging—(CT/MRI, subdural hemorrhage, extradural hemorrhage, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neurofibromatosis, and neuronal migration)

■	X-ray—(rickets, lead poisoning, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, broncho­pneumonia, obstructive emphysema, and mucopolysaccharidoses)

■	Electrocardiogram—(supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation/flutter, atrial fibrillation/flutter, torsades de pointes, heart blocks, and Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome)

■	Electroencephalogram—(absence seizures, Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, and herpes encephalitis)

■	Genetics and syndromes—(pedigree analysis, X-linked diseases, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive disorders, mitochondrial genetic disorders, trisomy 21, Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome, and achondroplasia)

■	Nutrition—(vitamin A, zinc, iron, iodine, and breast milk)

■	Immunization—(National Immunization Schedules, Indian Academy of Pediatrics Immunization Schedule, vaccine strain, catch-up immunizations, and adverse effects following immunization)

■FINAL PIECE OF ADVICE

■	Those within brackets are only examples, but the list is very long.

■	Have a deep look at all images and tables of Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics and PG Textbook of Pediatrics.

■	Read compulsorily last 5-year examination papers of OSCE.

■	Be thorough with basics.

■	Need not panic, only 50% needed to pass.

■	Unobserved stations will contain 4–5 videos, 4–5 pictures, and 2–3 tables.

■	Finally, the secret ingredient is Practice, Practice, Practice!!!

Index

A

Abatacept 699, 711

Abdomen 184, 351

clinical examination of 3

protuberant 160

ultrasound of 242, 428

Abdominal distension 184, 274, 371, 386, 408, 568, 633

Abdominal pain 261, 299, 369, 403, 731

recurrent episodes of 300

Abetalipoproteinemia 469

intestinal 87

Abscess

multiple 626

parapharyngeal 512

retropharyngeal 512

Academic pressure 228

Acanthocytes 469

Accidental poisoning 603

Accredited Social Health Activist 583, 597

Acetazolamide, oral 469

Achalasia cardia 304

Achondroplasia 30, 554, 751

Achromic pityriasis versicolor 529, 530

Acidemia

isovaleric 167

methylmalonic 162

organic 169

propionic 162

Acidosis 78, 98

metabolic 79, 155, 160, 174, 186, 621, 622

respiratory 622

severe metabolic 156, 157

simple metabolic 621

Acne

lesions, multiple 225

rosacea 532

Acneiform eruption 532

Actinobacteria 65

Activated partial thromboplastin time 375

Acute respiratory distress syndrome 719

Acyclovir 406, 419

oral 258, 528

Addison’s disease 334

Adenoid hypertrophy, chronic 228

Adenoma sebaceum 47, 472

Adenomyosis 230

Adenopathy

mediastinal 322

paratracheal 263

supraclavicular 401

Adenosine 128, 129, 751

antagonist 208

receptor 362

Adenotonsillectomy 329

Adenoviral infection, severe 258

Adenovirus 363

Adequate pain management 392

Adolescent body image satisfaction scale 227

Adolescent Friendly Health Clinics 231

Adoption 579

Adrenal crisis, acute 442

Adrenal function tests 230

Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital 430, 441, 442

Adrenal insufficiency, acute 442

Adrenaline 751

dose of 97

infusion 117

intramuscular 239

Adrenoleukodystrophy 436

X-linked 474

Adrogué-Madias formula 86

Adverse event following immunization 280

severe 292

Aflibercept 219

Air bronchograms 217

Airway 357

difficult 109

disease, reactive 736

exchange catheter 126

malformation, congenital pulmonary 217

Alagille syndrome 154

Albendazole 275

Albinism, oculocutaneous 489, 501

Aldosterone 79, 81, 86

secretion 81

Alkaline phosphatase 70, 76, 641, 723

Alkalosis

hypokalemic metabolic 208

metabolic 79, 318

respiratory 623

Alkaptonuria 174

Allen test, modified 619

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 327

Allergic rhinitis 235, 239, 511

Allergy 233

Alloimmune thrombocytopenia 400

Alloisoleucine 166

Allopurinol 240, 396, 398

Alopecia areata 532, 542

Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency 400

Alport syndrome 427

Alveolar arterial oxygen 614

Alveolar gas equation 134

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring 426

Amebiasis, invasive 261

Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, congenital 400

Amenorrhea, primary 141, 229

Amino acids 733

Aminoadipic semialdehyde 158

Amiodarone 751

Ammonia 155, 157

Amniotic band syndrome 216

Amniotic index 562

Amoxicillin 330, 512

clavulanic acid 635

Ampicillin 255

Anabolic steroids 227

Anaerobes 499

Analgesics 469

Anaphylaxis 102

Anasarca 408

Anechoic collection 212

Anemia Mukt Bharat 726

Anemia 306, 548, 586, 644

aplastic 721

autoimmune hemolytic 394, 397

chronic hemolytic 270

hemolytic 490

isoimmune hemolytic 206

macrocytic 474

megaloblastic 393

microangiopathic hemolytic 101

microcytic hypochromic 392

prevalence 595

severe 365

Anencephaly 153

Anesthesia, total intravenous 130

Anganwadi worker 583

Angelman syndrome 154

Angioedema 64

hereditary 240

Angiofibroma, palpebral conjunctival 659

Angiomas 536

facial 659

Angiomyolipoma 659

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors 227, 423

Angiotensin-receptor blockers 80, 423

Animal scabies 528

Anion gap 620, 621, 718

Aniridia 500

Ankle sprains 545

Ankyrin 394

Anorexia 581

nervosa 58

Anosmia 229

Anthrax 586

Antibiotics 392

choice of 637

Anticonvulsants, multiple 158, 159

Antidepressants, atypical 229

Antidotes, appropriate 601

Antiepileptics 237, 400

drugs 602

Antigen assay 395

Antihistamines, second-generation 240

Antihistone antibodies 422

Antihyperkalemia 396

Antimalarials 396

Antinuclear antibody 245

Anti-rabies immunoglobulin 95

Anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody 730

Antiscabicidal agents 529

Antisnake venom 602

Anti-tubercular drugs 323

Anti-tubercular therapy 240, 324, 400, 480

Antiviral agent 258

Anuria 369

Anxiety 228

situational 229

Anxiolytic agents 229

Aortic outflow blood velocity 124

Aortic valve 120

Aphasia 461

conductive 3, 9

Apnea 6, 19, 207, 208, 329

caffeine for 208

Apnea-hypopnea index 513

Appetite 509

loss of 315

suppression 49

test 742

Applied behavioral analysis 59

Apricot 605

Aqueductal stenosis 660

Arachidonic acid 375

Arginase deficiency 175

Arginine vasopressin neurons 85

Argininosuccinic aciduria 168

Argon plasma coagulation therapy 305

Arrhythmia 59, 229

cardiac 473

supraventricular 555

Arsenic 599

poisoning 581

Arsenite 585

Arterial blood gas 155, 182, 614

analysis 613

discoloration of 751

report 617

Arterial carbon dioxide, partial pressure of 614

Arteriovenous malformation 478

Arthralgia 427

Arthritis 427

juvenile idiopathic 749

Arthrogryposis 552

Artificial manual breathing unit bag 702

Arylsulfatase A 473

Asbestos 580, 585

Ascariasis, intestinal 274

Ascites 2, 8, 108, 242, 299, 406

Ascitic fluid 331

Ash leaf macule 47, 472, 750

Aspergillosis, invasive pulmonary 395

Aspergillus 330, 363

flavus 395

fumigatus 395

terreus 395

Asphyxia, perinatal 400

Aspiration, pulmonary 609

Asthma 17, 97, 228

acute severe 711

bronchial 527

global initiative for 327

persistent 312

Ataxia 302, 400

telangiectasia 48, 326, 469

Atmospheric pressure 209

Atopic dermatitis 233, 238, 530

infantile phase of 543

Atrial fibrillation 555, 751

Atrial natriuretic peptide 86

Atrial septal defect 350, 364

Atrioventricular septal defect 350

Atrioventricular valves 350

Atropine 751

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 40, 55, 603

prevalence of 686

Audible systolic murmur 352

Auscultation 15, 343

Autism spectrum disorder 59, 659

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome 394

Automated acoustic brainstem response 219

Autosomal dominant 151, 152, 213, 238, 240, 471, 472, 554

inheritance 79, 397, 533

pattern 149

Autosomal recessive 48, 174, 395, 469, 470, 473, 474, 501, 503, 554, 746

disorder 717

polycystic kidney disease 419

Auxiliary nurse midwife 583

Awake phase disorder 228

Axillary artery 137

Axonal injury, diffuse 657

Ayushman Bharat Yojana 724

Azacitidine 397

Azathioprine 238

Azelaic acid 529

Azithromycin 263

Azoles 397

B

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin 243

vaccination 279

vaccine 324

Bacteria, gram-positive 255

Bacteroides 499

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 426

Barium

enema 305

study 329

Barsoum-Levine formula 86

Bartonella henselae 269

Bartter syndrome 79

classical 422

Basal bolus regimen 436

Basal crackles 7

Basal ganglia, symmetrical 451

Basal meningeal enhancement 332

Basal skull fracture, signs of 12

Baseline metabolic testing 146

Basic communication skills 670

Basophilic stippling 601

Bat wing sign 134, 642

Bayley-Pinneau table 34

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome 426

Beclomethasone 327

Bedaquiline 336

Behavioral changes 259, 271

Belimumab 699, 711

Bell’s palsy 478

Benzodiazepine 601

Beta-blocker 88, 601

Beta-glucocerebrosidase 474

Beta-spectrin deficiency 394

Beta-thalassemia 258

trait 394

Bevacizumab 219

Bicuspid aortic valve 33

Bifid thumb 373

Bifidobacterium lactis 739

Bifidus factor 733

Bilateral ballotable kidneys 407

Bilateral maxillary sinusitis, diagnosis of 317, 318

Bilirubin, serum 259

Binet Kamat test 61

Biochemically fentanyl 129

Biopterin disorders, treatment of 167

Biot’s breathing 6, 19

Biotin 162

trial of 159

Biotinidase deficiency 169, 470

Birth

defects 62

injuries 216

weight 351

Bitot spots 497

Bladder

bowel dysfunction 576

outlet obstruction 573

Bland-Altman plot 691

Blast cells 710

Blastomycosis 338

Bleeding

bite marks 260

disorders 230

excessive 721

family history of 375

per rectum 556

Blepharospasm 488

Blink reflex 10

Blood

bank 376

counts reveal anemia 381

glucose 155, 159

capillary 75, 103, 351, 352, 437, 603

ketones 75, 437

pressure 2, 229, 406, 600, 729

noninvasive 352

reports 243

stained stools 625

sugar 193

transfusion 219

Blue sclera 554

Body

mass index 70, 734

pains, severe 385

Bone

age 22

dysplasias 540

marrow 384

aspiration 721, 749

failure syndrome 398

studies 380

transplantation 176, 330, 394, 554

window 655

Bony deformities 407

Bovine milk 69

Bowel habits normal 560

Brachial pulses 411

Bradyarrhythmias 98

Bradycardia 11, 356

Bradypnea 6, 19

Brain

abscess 661

computed tomography of 647, 655-657, 662

magnetic resonance imaging of 150, 159

tumor 539

Brainstem T2 hyperintensities 451

Branchial sinus 575

Branchio-oto-renal syndrome 216

Breast

buds, development of 227

milk, composition of 591

stage 429

tissue size 223

Breastfeeding 400, 589

excessive 589

Breath

holding spells 60

sounds 6

normal 351

types of 17

Breathing 214

difficulty 95, 566

fast 616

paradoxical 602

periodic 6

rapid 616

sleep disordered 329

Breathlessness 624, 628, 630, 631

Breech presentation 553

Broca’s aphasia 3, 9

Bronchial breath sounds 558

Bronchial compression 334

Bronchial secretions, retained 328

Bronchiectasis 17

Bronchiolitis 272

Bronchoalveolar lavage

fluid 395

procedure 317

Bronchodilators, inhaled 624

Bronchopulmonary segments 5, 16

Bronchoscope, flexible 317

Bronchoscopy 510

Bronchus 328

Brucellosis, classical sign of 255

Bruising, periorbital 12

Bubble continuous positive airway pressure 708

Budesonide 327, 713

Bulbar dysarthria 3, 9

Burkholderia pseudomallei 269

Burkitt’s lymphoma 396

Burning sensation 237

Burns

chemical 104

electrical 104

surface area, assessment of 105

Burosumab 421

Burst suppression pattern 158

C

Cafe-au-lait

macules 472

spots 444, 750

multiple 380

Caffey disease 553

Calcineurin inhibitor 424

Calcium 447

gluconate 215

serum 159, 641

ionized 193

Calf atrophy 462

Callus formation 554

Calorie, low 70

Camphor 88

Campylobacter jejuni 269

Canakinumab 699, 711

Canavan’s disease 474

Cancer, endometrial 228

Candida albicans 264

Candidiasis 264

Cantwell’s criteria, modified 337

Capillary refill time 260, 729

Capillary wedge pressure 102

Capnography 99, 627, 751

Caput succedaneum 210

Carbamazepine 471, 609, 699, 711

Carbapenem 127

Carbon

dioxide, partial pressure of 209

monoxide 601

poisoning 611

Cardiac arrest 616, 626

Cardiac chambers, dilated 217

Cardiac failure, features of congestive 411

Cardiology 339

Cardiomegaly 339, 348, 355, 362, 639

Cardiomyopathy 356

Cardiopulmonary failure 626

Cardiovascular system 1, 91, 351

examination of 224

Caroli’s disease 419

Carotids 411

Cartilage, congenital absence of 328

Cataract, congenital 489, 501, 736

Cationic trypsinogen gene 748

Cavernoma, portal 304

Cavernous sinus thrombosis 9

Cefazolin 539

Cefoperazone 254

Cefotaxime 255

Ceftazidime 127

Ceftriaxone 255

Celiac disease 69, 87, 304, 400

increased risk of 730

Centor criteria, modified 327

Central nervous system 55, 351

acute 75

stimulants 49

Central venous catheter 127

Central venous pressure 102

Centrilobular nodules 331

Cephalohematoma 210

Cephalosporins 392

Cerebellar ataxia 14

progressive 501

Cerebellar dysarthria 3, 9

Cerebral function monitoring 222

Cerebral salt wasting syndrome 133

Cerebrospinal fluid

analysis 616

examination 158

Ceruloplasmin, serum 470, 501, 717

Cervical adenopathy 401

Cervical spine immobilization 96

Cervicitis 230

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome 397

Cheilitis 543

Chemical

burns 104

pollutants 580

Chemotherapy 74, 398

multiagent 401

Cherry red spot 494

Chest

computed tomography of 313, 624

injuries, life-threatening 99

measure expansion of 14

pain 118, 354

percussion 5, 15

posteroanterior view 358

retractions 260

wall 134

X-ray 242, 550

Cheyne-Stokes breathing 6, 19

Chiari crisis 475

Chickenpox 259

Chikungunya 597

Child abuse 580

Chloramphenicol 254

Chloride levels, normal 212

Chlorine 586

Chloroquine 88, 376, 393

Choledochal cyst 306

classification of 306

Cholestasis

evaluation, part of 147

syndrome, neonatal 305

Choreoathetoid, persistent 156

Choroidal nodules 539

Christmas tree appearance 426

Chromatography mass spectrometry 146

Chromium 727, 744

Chromosomal microarray 150

Chromosomal syndromes 552

Chylothorax 212

Chylous ascites 8

Chylous fluid 212

Cidofovir 258

Cimetidine 227

Ciprofloxacin 254

Clarithromycin 267

Clavicular hypoplasia 152

Clean wounds 295

Cleft lip 145

Cleidocranial dysostosis 152

Clindamycin 254, 646

Clitoromegaly 442

Clobazam 471

Clofazimine 537

Clostridial sepsis 394

Clotrimazole, topical 264

Clotting factor deficiencies 230

Club foot 736

Coagulation profile 230

Coarse facies 47

Cobalamine deficiency 424

Coffin-lid appearance 421

Cognitive behavioral therapy 58, 60

Colonoscopy 301

Colostrum, feeding of 596

Comatose 466

Complete blood count 360, 380, 725

maternal 387

Compression injury 643

Computed tomography 624, 707

high-resolution 374

Conduct disorder 60

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 210, 570, 720

antenatal predictors of 210

Conjunctiva, palpebral 240

Conjunctivitis, recurrent 543

Connective tissue disorder 326

maternal 356

Consciousness 353

depressed 617

sudden loss of 353

Constipation 300

severe 432

Constriction ring syndrome 216

Continuous glucose monitoring system 447

Continuous positive airway pressure 135, 178

Contraceptive pills, oral 227

Convection 122

Convulsions, afebrile 628

Coombs test, monospecific 373

Copious sputum, expectoration of 313

Copper 727

Corbevax 290

Coronavirus disease infection 330

Cortical tubers 47, 480

Corticosteroid

inhaled 327

topical 528, 533

Cortisol deficiency 32

Corynebacterium diphtheriae 269

Coryza 352

Cotrimoxazole 417

Cough 267, 352

activity-induced 310

chronic 326

frequent 309

paroxysms of 252

persistent 318, 319, 320, 322

syrup 558

Coup d’Ongle sign 530

Covaxin 290

COVID vaccine 280

Covovax 290

Cow’s milk protein allergy 307

Coxsackie 363, 498

Cramps 274

Cranial nerve examination 4

Craniofacial abnormality 153

Craniopharyngioma 480, 662

C-reactive protein 360, 385, 725

elevated 192, 449

Creatine deficiency 169, 172

Creatinine, serum 410, 641

Criminal behavior 60

Crisis, hypertensive 127

Crizanlizumab 392, 399

Crochetage sign 357

Crohn’s disease 305

Croup, episodes of 510

Crying, excessive 507

Crypt hyperplasia 304

Cryptococcal meningitis 332

Cryptococcus 9

Cushing’s syndrome 34, 441

Cutibacterium acnes 231

colonization of 532

Cyanide antidote package 612

Cyanosis 118

Cyanotic spell, management of 358

Cyclophosphamide 400

Cyclosporine 238, 397

Cyst 261, 565

ovarian 576

pulmonary 659

renal 659

Cystathionine beta-synthase 166

Cystic fibrosis 69, 327, 330, 400, 511

Cystic hygroma 570

Cystinuria 406, 419

Cytarabine 393

low-dose 399

Cytomegalovirus 363, 400

congenital 258

Cytotoxic edema 166

D

D’Espine’s sign 18

Daclizumab 699, 711

Dapsone 537, 609

Datura 601

Daunorubicin 393

Daytime sleepiness, excessive 228

Deafness

congenital 736

early 554

Deep basophilic cytoplasm 376

Deferiprone 392

Deferoxamine 607

Deformation 139

Dehydration 241, 318, 617

severe 67

Dehydrocholesterol 147

Delusional disorder 229

Demyelination, evidence of 159

Dengue 479, 597

Dennie-Morgan fold 240, 543

Deoxyhemoglobin 99

Deoxyribonucleic acid 290

Depression 227, 228

Dermatitis herpetiformis 746

Dermatology 515, 750

Dermatomyositis 250

juvenile 249

Dextrocardia 364

Diabetes insipidus 444

central 133

nephrogenic 133

Diabetes mellitus 429

Diabetic ketoacidosis 74, 606

Diamond-Blackfan anemia 397

Diamond-shaped crystal 406

Diapers, use of 13

Diarrhea 63, 278, 400

chronic 63

management of 75

Dicarboxylic acid 529

Diethylenetriamine pentaacetate 417

Diffusion-weighted imaging 475

DiGeorge syndrome 149, 751

Digoxin 101, 129, 601

specific fab fragments 608

Dihydrorhodamine 397

Dimercaptosuccinic acid scan 575

Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine 283

Diphyllobothrium latum 393

Disseminated intravascular coagulation 400

Disulfiram 254

Diuretic renogram 417

Dobutamine infusion 101

Doll’s eye 9

Dorsalis pedis pulse 352

Double bubble sign 211

Double-track sign 208

Down’s syndrome 40, 211, 376, 393, 736, 749

Doxycycline 254, 268

D-penicillamine 304

Dravet syndrome 471

Drooling 600

Drowsiness 509

sudden onset of 605

Drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment 323

Dry mouth 509

Duckett’s syndrome 574

Dumbbell-shaped crystal 406

Duodenal atresia 211, 726

Dwarfism 30

Dyes 136

Dynamic renal scintigraphy 417

Dysarthria 602

extrapyramidal 3, 9

Dysdiadochokinesia 602

Dyselectrolytemia 208, 751

Dyshemoglobinemias 136

Dyslipidemia 228

Dysmorphism 12, 145

Dysostosis multiplex features 50

Dysphagia 506

Dysplasia 139

bronchopulmonary 207

renal 573

Dyspnea 6, 19, 382

Dysreflexia, autonomic 478

Dystonia 460

Dystonic movements 156

E

Ear

canal, edema of 508

examination of 18

low set 162

nose, and throat, treatment of 228

Eating attitudes test 227

Ebstein anomaly 357

Ecchymoses, multiple 387

Ectopia lentis 155, 555

Eculizumab 424

Eczema

bilateral pedal 301

cerebral 86

endogenous 530

nummular 541

pedal 406

pulmonary 17, 642

sacral 7

Eisenmenger syndrome 362

Electrocardiogram 91, 353, 751

Electroencephalogram 158, 454, 751

formal 143

Electrolyte 72, 740

disorders 98

disturbances, correction of 606

free water clearance 86

Elfin-like facies 142

Embryotoxon, posterior 154

Emergency

hypertensive 109

lower segment cesarean section 351, 708

medicine 88

room 234, 300, 750

Emphysema, congenital lobar 214, 328

Empyema thoracis 138, 569

Enalaprilat 127

Encephalitis 270

Encephalomyelitis, acute disseminated 479

Encephalopathy, acute 157, 616

Endocardial cushion defect 149

Endocarditis, infective 360

Endocrinology 428

pediatric 440

Endotoxins 265

Endotracheal tube 211, 627, 715

Entamoeba

dispar 261

histolytica 363

infection 261

Enterococcus 255

faecalis 661

Enterocolitis, necrotizing 209, 400

Enteroenteric circulation 609

Enterovirus 363, 498

Enzyme

activity, increase of 168

analysis 175

replacement therapy 175

Epiglottitis 646

Epilepsy 35

focal 38, 471

self-limiting childhood 471

Epinephrine 239, 375

Epiphyseal fragmentation 553

Episcleritis 305

Epistaxis, acute 368

Epithelial sodium channel 79

Epstein-Barr virus 363, 749

infection 398

Erosions 523

Erythema 508

infectiosum 270

toxicum 206

Erythematous nodules, multiple 189

Erythroblastopenia, transient 397

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 242, 360, 411, 725

Erythrogenic toxins 265

Erythromycin 254, 263, 528

Erythropoietin 392, 394

Escherichia coli 363, 661, 666

Esmolol 127

Esophageal manometry 297

Esophagus, gross dilatation of 329

Estradiol 228, 229

Ethambutol 254, 333

Ethosuximide 471

Ethylene

dicysteine 417

glycol 606

Etoposide 397

Exome sequencing 148, 151, 154, 173

Exonic deletion 151

Extracorporeal toxin removal 168

Extractable nuclear antigen profile 245

Extrahepatic portal venous obstruction 304

Extremities sparing palms 254

Eye 3

changes 536

conditions 489

deep-set 147

disorders 489

inflammation 241

movements, abnormal 386

of tiger sign 470

Eyeball 486

Eyelid squeezing 488

F

Face, pallor of 543

Facial nerve palsy 216

Facies 12

Fagan’s nomogram 691

Falciparum malaria, rings of 393

Falcon’s tube 264

Fallot tetralogy 122, 358

Fanconi anemia 393, 394

Fat necrosis, subcutaneous 213

Fatigability 371

Fatty acid

low free 214

oxidation defect 169, 172, 174

Fatty food, avoidance of 223

Feeding difficulty 260

Fenoldopam 127

Fetal

ailment 561

alcohol syndrome 153

growth events 722, 734

hemoglobin, elevated 380

hydantoin syndrome 153

methotrexate syndrome 153

urine

assessment 188

values, normal 212

valproate syndrome 152

Fever 10, 109, 368, 369, 382, 466, 507

high-grade 253, 262, 350

low-grade 258, 485

persistent 330

prodrome of 539

provoked focal seizures 454

recurrent 324

spikes 242

Fibrinogen 375, 385

deficiencies 400

Fibrinopurulent stage 138

Figure rating scale 227

Fine needle aspiration cytology 390

Fingers, discoloration of 377

Firmicutes 65

First trimester combined screening tests 150

Fistulizing type 305

Flat nose 145

Flexible laryngoscopy 513

Fludrocortisone 442

Fluid 72, 187

calculation 717

intravenous 74

management 67, 99

resuscitation 121

thrill 8

Flu-like illness 254

Flumazenil 607

Fluorescent in situ hybridization 149

Fluoride 727, 744

Fluoroquinolone 331, 335, 336

Fluoxetine 60

Flutamide 227

Fluticasone 713

Focal neurological signs 11

Folate supplementation 66

Folic acid, role of 62

Folinic acid 158, 169

Follicles 485

stimulating hormone 229

Fontanelle, anterior 76, 411

Food

allergy 69

hypersensitivity 235

Foot pain 545

Forceps delivery 194

Forehead 221

Foremilk 596

Formoterol 327

Formula feeds 302

Fracture management 646

Fragile bones 554

Fragile X syndrome 50, 58, 153

Freeze sensitivity 285

Fresh frozen plasma 91

Friedreich’s ataxia 469

Fructose intolerance, hereditary 170, 173

Fundus 494

Fusobacteria 65

G

Gait 449

hemiparetic 14

limping 548

Galactorrhea 229

Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase enzyme 171

Galactosemia 170, 746

classical 171

Galen malformation vein 217, 478

Ganciclovir 258

Ganglion cells 730

Gardnerella 230

Gastric

biopsy 307

decompression 210

peristalsis 208, 569

volvulus 639

Gastroenteritis, acute 76

Gastroenterology 297, 750

Gastroesophageal varices 419

Gastrointestinal irritation 119

Gaucher’s disease 175, 394, 474

Gender-based growth charts 210

Gene

panel testing 151

therapy 151

Generalized anxiety disorder 58, 229

Genetic 139, 751

analysis 229, 423

counseling 536

Genital examination 430

Genital herpes simplex virus, primary 258

Gentamicin 254

Germinal matrix hemorrhage 217, 669

Gestational age 351, 665

assessment 183

Giant metamyelocytes 393

Giant myelocytes 393

Giddiness 617

Gitelman syndrome 79

Glabellar tap 10

Glandular breast tissue 227

Glanzmann thrombasthenia 395

Glasgow coma scale 11, 106, 124, 463

score 605

Glaucoma 489, 501

infantile 500

Glenn shunt 122

Gliomas, optic 539

Glomerulonephritis, postinfectious 419

Glucagon 215, 607

Glucocerebrosidase 394

Glucocorticoids 398

Glucose

6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency 206, 392, 393, 606

intolerance 228

transporter 170

deficiency 471

protein 71

Glutamate, low 161

Glutaric aciduria 162, 167, 472

Glutarylcarnitine, elevated 167

Glycemic response 215

Glycerol kinase deficiency 174

Glycogen storage disease, types of 308

Glycosylation, congenital disorder of 170

Goldenhar syndrome 216

Gonadal dysgenesis 229

Gonadotropin

deficiency 32

releasing hormone analog stimulation 429

Goodenough draw-A-man test 50

Gradual motor neuroregression 458

Graft-versus-host disease, transfusion related 397

Graves’ disease 443

Gray baby syndrome 254

Griseofulvin 542

Growth 20, 750

charts, plotting of 229

hormone 21

deficiency 30, 662

parameters 24

velocity 32

Guanidoacetate levels, high 160

Guided self-help methods 60

Gum

bleed 368

elastic bougie 126

hypertrophy 370

Gynecomastia 223, 227, 444

H

Haemophilus influenzae 330, 363, 498, 499

B 476

infection 255

nontypeable 269

Hair

changes 229

hypopigmented 381

Halo sign 374

Hamman’s mediastinal crunch 18

Hands, developed edema of 243

Handwashing technique 749

Harrison’s sulcus 17

Hartmann’s solution 446

Harvesting stem cells 398

Head

and neck surgery 640

circumference 59

nodding 686, 695

Headache 4, 253, 466, 581, 654, 714

Healthcare personnel 733

Hearing loss 506

bilateral conductive 513

Hearing milestone 505

Heart

blocks 751

disease

congenital 340, 653, 736

rheumatic 736

failure

clinical signs of 355

high-output congestive 217

rate 16, 58, 362, 706

optimizing 124

rhythm, irregular 355

sounds 344, 750

Heartbeat 722

Heat

intolerance 431

sensitivity 285

Hebra circle 516

Helicobacter pylori 307

infection 256

Heller’s cardiomyotomy 329

HELLP syndrome 160

Helmet cells 393

Hemangioma 400, 476, 571

congenital subglottic 513

Hemarthrosis, acute right 375

Hematochezia 193

Hematocrit 256

Hematology 586

Hematoma 704

scalp 657

subgaleal 210

Hemato-oncology 365, 750

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant 396, 401

Hemithorax 558

Hemodialysis 104, 393

Hemoglobin 242, 256, 365, 704

deoxygenated 399

Hemoglobinuria, paroxysmal cold 394

Hemolysis 82, 160, 606

Hemolytic anemia 490

diagnostic of 102

Hemolytic uremic syndrome 101, 393, 424

secondary 424

Hemophilia

A 395

mild 395

moderate 395

Hemorrhage 485

fetal 219

intraventricular 197, 669

neonatal intraventricular 477

subperiosteal 738

Hemorrhagic disease 400

Hemotympanum 12

Henoch-Schönlein purpura 427

Hepatic disease 419

Hepatitis 400

A infection 278

B 285, 400, 423

doses 287

vaccine 278

C, chronic 258

viral infection 171

Hepatolenticular degeneration 717

Hepatomegaly 7, 160, 298, 299, 303, 347, 729

Hepatosplenomegaly 147, 253, 368, 379, 384, 548

isolated 373

Herald patch 528, 541

Heřmanský-Pudlák syndrome 397

Hernia, congenital diaphragmatic 210, 570, 720

Herpes simplex

encephalitis 271

virus 463

infection, neonatal 270

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus 498

Hexagonal-shaped crystal 406

High anion gap metabolic acidosis 612

High-flow nasal cannula, heated humidified 131

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation 209

Hinman syndrome 426

Hip

developmental dysplasia of 552, 736

limited abduction of 546

Hirschsprung’s disease 213

Hirsutism 441

Histoplasmosis 338

Hodgkin’s lymphoma 401

Holliday-Segar formula 83

Holocarboxylase deficiency 175

Holoprosencephaly 153

Homocystinuria 162

classical 166

Hormonal pills 395

Hormone, adrenocorticotropic 400

Horseshoe kidney 33

Hospital waste management 578

Hour-specific bilirubin chart 206

Howell-Jolly bodies 393

Human chorionic gonadotropin 228

Human herpesvirus 528

Human immunodeficiency virus 363, 394

Human milk bank 579

Human papillomavirus vaccine 282

Humerus deformity 554

Hunter’s angle 663

Hyaline 530

Hydration 208

Hydrocephalus 212, 217, 332, 479, 554

communicating 661

noncommunicating 660

obstructive 660

posthemorrhagic 207

Hydrochlorothiazide 426

Hydrofluoroalkane 713

Hydronephrosis

transient 572

unilateral 572

Hydropneumothorax 16

Hydroureteronephrosis, bilateral 562

Hydroxocobalamin 612

Hyperactivity disorder, evaluation of 142

Hyperammonemia 157, 160, 174

mild 161

transient 174

Hyperbilirubinemia, conjugated 159

Hypercalciuria 420

Hyperdiploidy 393

Hyperhydration 396, 398

Hyperkalemia 80, 81, 393

treatment of 82

Hyperleukocytosis 398

Hypernatremia, hypovolemic 86

Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome 170

Hyperoxaluria, primary 406, 419

Hyperparasitemia 275

Hyperphosphatemia 393, 421

Hyperpigmentation, generalized 373

Hyperpnea 6, 19

Hyperprolactinemia 230

Hypertension 11, 79, 369, 642

acute severe 101

persistent pulmonary 147

portal 728

pulmonary 217

risk of 685

triad of 79

Hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter pressure 304

Hyperthyroidism 443

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 208

infantile 72, 254, 569, 747

Hypertrophy, biventricular 355

Hyperuricemia 393

Hyperventilation 471

Hypocalcemia 86, 193, 215, 393

refractory 711

Hypochloremia 318

Hypochondrium 300

Hypodiploidy 393

Hypoglycemia 308, 438

episodes of 161

hyperinsulinemic 214

hypoketotic 160

Hypokalemia 78, 79, 318

classification of 78

evaluation of 81

moderate 78

severe 79

severity of 80

Hypomagnesemia 711

Hyponasal speech 509

Hyponatremia 318

acute 86

hypovolemic 86

Hyponatremic hypokalemic hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis 569

Hypopigmentation 529

Hypopnea 329

Hypotension 125, 617

Hypothermia 98

therapeutic 187

Hypothyroidism 33

congenital 47, 431, 443

Hypotonia, central 459

Hypotonic 429, 457

fluids 84

Hypotrophy

cortical 159

subcortical 159

Hypoventilation 719

Hypoxemia, exchange transfusion for 392

Hypoxia 686

respiratory 115

severe 125

I

Ice pack, conditioning of 291

Immune

check point inhibitors 538

deficiency 330

disorder 338

thrombocytopenia 393

Immunization 279, 751

Immunofluorescence assay 245

Immunoglobulin

intravenous 270, 393, 538

vasculitis 247

Immunosuppression 330

Imperforate hymen 229

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator 138

Imprinting disorder 154

Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, syndrome of 133

Incontinentia pigmenti 473, 534

Incubator 395

Infections 171, 230, 252, 338, 393, 394, 720

antenatal 13

disseminated 270

Infectious diseases 749

Inflammatory disorder 338

Infliximab 249

Influenza

infection 261

vaccine 261

Inhalation therapy 312

Inhaled nitric oxide delivery system 221

Injury, thermal 394

Insomnia, psychophysiological 228

Inspired oxygen, fraction of 614

Institutional Ethics Committee 688

Insulin 215

carbohydrate ratio 438

dextrose infusion 398

resistance 228

Integrated child development services

project 588

scheme 588

Intellectual disability 59, 473

Intensive care unit 113, 750

Intercostal chest tube drainage 215, 626

Interhemispheric fissure, widening of 658

Intermittent bleeding per rectum 301

Intermittent explosive disorder 60

Intestinal loops 568

Intra-articular steroid injections 251

Intracranial bleed 86

Intracranial hypertension, idiopathic 469

Intracranial pressure 106

Intractable seizures, types of 159

Intrahepatic bile ducts, cystic dilatation of 419

Intramuscular B12 therapy 474

Intraosseous vascular access 749

Intrauterine death 341

Intussusception 568, 747

Iodine 727, 744

Iris 500

Iron 599, 601, 606, 727

deficiency anemia 590

reduce prevalence of 743

parenteral 394

Irritability 259, 300, 386, 431, 507, 581, 653

Isavuconazole 395

Isoleucine 166

Isoniazid 227, 601, 606

Isotretinoin embryopathy 153

Itchy skin lesions 515, 525, 527

J

Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram 741

Janus kinase inhibitor 235

Japanese encephalitis 479, 597

vaccine 282

Jaundice

neonatal 388

persistent 371

Jervell syndrome 364

Jitteriness, repeated episodes of 193

Joint

attention 50

hypermobility, moderate 140

Joubert syndrome 426

Jugular venous pressure 8, 366

Junk foods 66, 738

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, systemic-onset 247, 711

K

Kala-azar 597

Kallmann syndrome 229

Kappa coefficient 691

Kasabach-Merritt syndrome 400, 571

Kasai portoenterostomy 305

Katz-Wachtel phenomenon 355

Kawasaki disease 248, 249, 711, 749

Kayser-Fleischer ring 304, 470

K-bind polystyrene sulfonate 398

Kearns-Sayre syndrome 436

Keratinization, abnormal 532

Keratinocyte death 538

Keratoconus 240

Keratosis pilaris 543

Kerion-bacterial abscess 542

Kernig’s sign 237

Kerosene 88

Ketoconazole 227, 541

Ketogenic diet 71

Ketone 155

Ketonuria 155

Ketorolac 119

Ketosis 155, 157

Kidney

disease 412

chronic 73, 104, 371, 412, 465

function tests 228

injury, acute 412

Kishori Shakti Yojana 744

Klebsiella 363, 513, 712

pneumoniae 645

Klinefelter syndrome 148, 751

Knee

chest position 7, 358

jerks 629

Knuckle hyperpigmentation 367, 474

Kostmann agranulocytosis 127

Kronig’s isthmus 17

Kyphosis 540

L

Labetalol 102, 127

Lactalbumin 733

Lactate 155

normal 155

Lactic acidosis, moderate 161

Lactobacillus 739

Lactoferrin 733

Lactulose 747

Lamina propria 304

Lamotrigine 471, 699, 711

Lange-Nielsen syndrome 364

Language

disorders 59

milestones 464, 634

Laparotomy, emergency 437

Laryngeal mask airway 125

Laryngomalacia 513

Laryngoscopy, direct 109

L-asparaginase 393, 401

Latch scoring system 590

Laxatives 305

Lead 599

poisoning 581, 607, 751

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease 553

Legs, anteromedial bowing of 540

Leigh’s disease 470

Leiomyoma 338

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome 472

Leptospirosis 264, 265

Lesion 531

hypopigmented 520

multicystic 643

Lethargy 156, 371, 432

Leukemia

acute 384, 398

lymphoblastic 398, 401

myeloid 374, 393, 394

juvenile myelomonocytic 397

Leukocoria 500

Leukodystrophy, metachromatic 473

Leukoerythroblastic blood picture 396

Leukomalacia, bilateral cystic periventricular 667

Leuprolide acetate 441

Levene index 217

Levetiracetam 471, 711

Levofloxacin 335

Levosimendan 111, 130

mechanism of action of 111

L-glutamine 392

Liddle syndrome 79

Light transmission aggregometry 375

Lignocaine 751

jelly 606

Linezolid 267, 331, 336, 646

Lip swelling, episodic attacks of 237

Lipoprotein lipase gene 163

Liposomal amphotericin B 395

Lisch nodules 472, 539

Lithium 606

Live hepatitis A, single dose of 286

Liver

cell failure 159

acute 490

causes for infantile 171

disease 199, 400

enzymes, elevated 160

function test 159, 228, 230

span 303

transplant, King’s criteria for 608

transplantation 167, 175

Loeffler’s syndrome 275

Long QT syndrome 356

Low platelets syndrome 160

Lower segment cesarean section 147

Lower urinary tract symptoms 575

Luliconazole 541

Lumbar puncture 469, 749

needle 714

Lung 338

disease

chronic 219

occupational 338

maturation 671

ultrasound pictures 196

Lupus

anticoagulant 394

nephritis 101

Luspatercept 392

Luteinizing hormone levels 228

Lymph node 331

enlargement, multiple 329

Lymphadenitis, postauricular 258

Lymphadenopathy 229, 253, 257, 379

generalized 368, 384

intrathoracic 331

necrotic mediastinal 331

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis 659

Lymphangioma 570

Lymphatic filariasis 597

Lymphocyte 394

infiltrate 304

intraepithelial 304

Lymphohistiocytosis, hemophagocytic 171, 395

Lymphoma, gastrointestinal 305

Lymphopenia 330

Lytic skull lesion 379

M

Macrocephaly 459

Macrocytes 393

Macrolides 392

Macroorchidism 50, 153

Macroovalocytes 393

Macrophage activation syndrome 247

Macula 502

Macules, hypomelanotic 480

Magnesium sulfate 751

Magnetic resonance

spectroscopy 451, 662

venography 448

Major depressive disorder 58

Malaria 423, 597

cerebral 275

Malassezia 529, 530

appearance 530

furfur 529

globosa 529

restricta 529

sympodialis 529

Malformation 139

congenital 153

Malignancy 230, 330

hematological 394

Malignant disorders 338

Malin’s intelligence scale 61

Malnutrition 318, 593

chronic 63

severe acute 63, 84, 580

Manganese 727, 744

Mantoux test, positive 322

Maple syrup urine disease 162, 166, 169

Marfan syndrome 555

Marrow, carcinomatous infiltration of 721

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome 229

McArdle disease 174

McCune-Albright syndrome 444

Mean arterial pressure 102

low 712

Mean corpuscular

hemoglobin 371

concentration 371, 704

volume 256, 371, 704

Measles 234, 296

mumps, and rubella vaccine 283

strains 288

Mechanical ventilation 191, 192, 208

Meckel-Gruber syndrome 426

Meconium 191

aspiration syndrome 182, 720

passage of 300, 574

Medial rectus 482, 497

Mediastinal compression syndrome 334

Mediastinal shift 328

Megaureter, obstructive 573

Melanosomes 529

Melatonin 60

Melitensis 268

Menarche 435

Meningeal irritation, signs of 463

Meningitis

background of 85

tuberculous 334

Meningomyelocele, lumbosacral 145, 475

Menstrual

bleeding 230

hygiene scheme 231

irregularities 224, 229

Mental

confusion 617

health 743

Mentzer index 718

Mercaptoacetyltriglycine 417

Mercaptopurine 397

Mercury 599

Mesothelioma 585

Metabolic disorders 155, 749

Metabolic syndrome 70

features of 228

Metabolism, inborn errors of 155, 622

Metacarpophalangeal joints 13

Metaphyseal widening 645

Metaphyses

broadening of 421

fraying of 421

Metered-dose inhaler 264, 713

Methanol 606

Methemoglobin 601, 606

formation 612

Methemoglobinemia, acquired 396

Methotrexate 238

Methyl salicylate 88

Methylphenidate 60

Metronidazole 230, 261

Mevalonic aciduria 176

Miconazole cream 542

Microbials, spectrum of 701

Microcytes 371

Micrognathia 153, 162

Microsporum canis 542

Micturating cystourethrogram 405, 417

Mid-Day Meal Program 584, 596

Midgut malrotation 571

Midprecordial leads 355

Migraine 469, 749

Miliary nodules 338

Miliary shadows 331, 338

Miller-Dieker syndrome 150

Milrinone 121

Mineral bone disease 421

Minimal change nephrotic syndrome 75

Miosis 605

Mitochondrial disorders 170

Mitral valve 555

Mixed venous oxygen saturation 117

Mobius syndrome 216

Molecular analysis 162, 176

Molecular testing 154, 173

Molluscum

contagiosum virus 536

pendulum 534

Molybdenum 727, 744

cofactor deficiency 170

Monoclonal antibody 399

Mood depression 604

Moraxella catarrhalis 268, 512

Moro reflex 10

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome 328

Mouth breathing 509

Moxifloxacin 335

Moyamoya disease 475

Mucopolysaccharidosis 30, 50, 165, 504

Mucor 330

Mucorales 395

Mucus impaction 328

Multibacillary leprosy 537

Multicystic dysplastic kidney 419, 426

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

management of 323

treatment 323

Multivitamin 602

Mumps 234

strains 288

Murmur 342, 750

view of 342

Muscle 496, 497

extraocular 482

tenderness 253

Muscular hypoplasia 585

Musculoskeletal system 175

Mutualistic gut microbiota 65

Myalgia 253

Mycobacterium tuberculosis 331, 332, 363

antigens 335

Mycophenolate mofetil 699, 711

Mycoplasma 230, 338

infection 254, 398

pneumoniae 330

Myelodysplasia 552

Myelodysplastic syndrome 394

Myelofibrosis 721

Myelopoiesis, transient abnormal 396

Myocardial depression, lack of 130

Myocardial dysfunction 642

Myocarditis 356

Myoclonus 400

Myoglobinuria 163

Myositis antibodies 250

Myotonic dystrophy 216

N

Nail

hypoplastic 153

patella syndrome 328

Naloxone 607

Narcolepsy 228

Nasal

block 318

bridge, low 162

cannula 712

congestion, persistence of 330

flaring 558

septum, deviated 513

Nasogastric tube 210, 598, 737

feeding 84

Nasopharyngeal swab 466

National Family Health Survey 594

National Health Programs 588, 592, 750

National Immunization Schedules 751

National Iron Plus Initiative Programme 589, 593

National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme 589, 593

National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme 263

National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme 597

Natriuresis 86

Nebulization 264, 749

Neck

folds, anterior 543

swelling 431

webbing of 33

Necrosis, liquefactive 607

Needle aspiration 512

Neisseria 267

meningitidis 363

Neonatal growth charts 182

Neonatal intensive care unit 13, 39, 143, 186, 344, 407, 462

Neonatology 177, 750

Nephrin gene 423

Nephritic syndrome 750

Nephritis 427

Nephrocalcinosis, medullary 407

Nephrology 403

Nephronophthisis 419

Nephrotic syndrome 76, 750

Nerve, optic 496

Net protein utilization 738

Neural tube defect 66, 736

Neuritis, optic 502

Neuroblastoma 398, 399

Neurocysticercosis 658

Neurodegeneration 470

Neurofibromatosis 397, 472, 539, 540, 717

criteria for 540

Neurology 448, 750

Neuromuscular blockade 109

Neuronal migration disorder 150

Neuropathy

optic 254

peripheral 401

Neuroregression 460

Neurosonogram 161, 665

Neurosurgery 640

Neurotransmitters, active 167

Neuro-Wilson disease 470

Neutropenia 109, 126, 127

cyclic 127

febrile 127

profound 330

severe congenital 393

Neutrophilic predominance 350

Neutrophils 122

hypersegmented 474

Nevus achromicus 531

Nguyen-Kurtz equation 86

Nicardipine 102, 127

Night blindness 497

Nikshay App 324

Nitrites 396

Nivolumab 538

Nocardia 338

Nocturnal regurgitation, intermittent episodes of 297

Nonbreathing mask 713

Noncommunicable diseases 743

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 398

Noninvasive prenatal testing 150

Nonopioid analgesic 107

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 80, 240, 539

Noonan’s syndrome 151, 397

Noradrenaline, indications of 701

Norepinephrine 121, 239

Normochromic normocytic red cells 392

Nose, examination of 18

Nostrils 511

Nucleic acid amplification test 331

Nusinersen 48, 478

Nutrition 62, 195, 593

parenteral 199, 740

Nutritional rehabilitation center 584

Nystagmus, bilateral 602

O

Obesity 228

endocrine 34

non-nutritional 232

nutritional 232

Obsessive compulsive disorder 58, 229

Obstructive sleep apnea 228

Ocular albinism 501

Oculomotor nerve 8

Oleander poisoning 610

Oligemia, pulmonary 363

Oligohydramnios 408, 420, 553

Oliguria 406

Olive mass 208

Omphalocele 222

Onasemnogene abeparvovec 478

Ophthalmology 481

Ophthalmoplegia, evidence of 486

Opioid 601, 611

analgesic 107

Opisthotonic posturing 455, 460

Oppositional defiant disorder 60

Opsoclonus 400

myoclonus ataxia syndrome 399

Optimum cerebral perfusion pressure 712

Oral rehydration solution 732

Orbital cellulitis 499

Organisms 330

Organomegaly 351, 381

Orientia tsutsugamushi 268

Ornithine

supplementation 172

transcarbamylase deficiency 168

Orotic acid 168

Orthopedics 544

Ortolani test 553

Osmolarity, serum 75, 85

Osteogenesis imperfecta 554

Osteopenia, diffuse 49

Osteopetrosis 398, 554, 644

malignant infantile 396

Osteoporosis, generalized 554

Ostium primum 350

Otitis media 736

chronic suppurative 661

Otoacoustic emission screening test 220

Otorhinolaryngology 505

Otorrhea 12, 508

Ototoxicity 254

Overweight, concerns of 723

Oxiconazole 541

Oxygen 392

analyzer 221

delivery 93

supplemental 358

Oxygenation index 209

Oxyhemoglobin 99

P

Pacemaker implantation 356

Pain 508

abdominal 261, 299, 369, 403, 416, 731

chest 118, 354

diffuse abdominal 416

foot 545

intensifies 560

management 94

severe acute abdominal 165

vague abdominal 706

Painless procedure 94

Pallister-Hall syndrome 436

Pallor, progressive 704

Palmar grasp reflex 10

Palms, hyperlinearity of 543

Palpation 14

Pancreas

annular 731

develop 731

Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy 69

Pancreatitis

acute 748

chronic 304

Pancytopenia 165

Panencephalitis, subacute sclerosing 470

Panic disorder 229

Pantothenate kinase 470

Papilledema 502

Paracetamol 212, 601, 745

dose of 728

Paradoxical respiratory movements 19

Parameter 696

renal 574

Paranasal sinuses, examination of 18

Parapharyngeal phlegmon 249

Parasternal heave 7

Parathyroid hormone, elevated 409

Parkland formula 100

Parotitis, recurrent bilateral 705

Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome 434

Parvovirus B19 270

Passive leg raise 124

Patchy hair loss 542

Patent ductus arteriosus 211

Paucibacillary leprosy 537

Peak inspiratory pressure 182

Pectus deformity 540

Pediatric

advanced life support 749

gait, arms, legs, and spine examination, steps of 4

intensive care unit 75, 614, 626, 710

trauma score 89

components of 98

Peg interferon 258

Pegylated-adenosine deaminase 397

Pelvic organs 441

Pelvicalyceal dilatation, bilateral 406, 561

Pembrolizumab 538

Penicillin 646

Pericardiocentesis 640

Periorbital puffiness 408

Peripheral pulses 347, 707

Peripheral smear 256, 302, 369, 371, 375, 385, 393, 469

study 725

Peritoneal dialysis 413

acute 108

principles of 425

Peritonitis, bacterial 122

Peroxidase chemical reaction 421

Phenobarbitone 609, 611

Phenylalanine level 156

Phenytoin 237, 471, 699, 711

toxicity 609

Phobias 229

Phonophobia 448

Phosgene 586

Phosphodiesterase 121

Phosphokinase, creatine 165, 245

Phosphorus 87

levels 409

serum 641, 723

Photophobia 448, 488

Phototherapy 238

Pierre Robin sequence 140, 153

Pigments 136

Pill esophagitis 254

Pilocytic astrocytomas 539

Pinna, manipulation of 508

Pityriasis

alba 530, 543

rosea 528

herald patch of 541

versicolor 530

Plague 586

Plantar

dermatosis, juvenile 543

flexion 552

grasp reflex 10

Plaques 189

Plasma

acylcarnitine profile 168

amino acid 168

levels 163

profile 159, 166

ammonia 167

osmolality of 83

total homocysteine levels 166

Plasmodium

falciparum, gametocyte of 275

vivax 275

gametocyte of 393

Platelet 365, 375

agitator 395

function assay 375

transfusions 395

Plethora 352

pulmonary 362

Plethysmography variability index 124

Pleural effusion 16

Pleural fluid 331

aspiration 570

Plexiform neurofibroma 539

Pneumococcal vaccine 282

Pneumococcus 421, 645, 646

Pneumomediastinum 214, 638

Pneumonia 213, 317, 626

necrotizing 328

severe 380

Pneumoperitoneum 209, 639

Pneumothorax 215, 720

recurrent 659

Podocin gene 423

Point-of-care ultrasonography 640

Polio vaccine, oral 281, 578

Polycystic kidney 419, 659

diseases 419

Polycystic ovary 228

syndrome 428

Polydipsia 433, 437

psychogenic 133

Polyethylene glycol 747

Polymerase chain reaction 50, 263, 466

Polymorphic light eruption 530, 531

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia 444

Polyp 230, 511

colonic 306

nasal 511

Polypectomy, endoscopic 306

Polysomnography 329

Polytrauma victim, examination of 98

Polyuria 86, 437

Ponseti method 552

Pork tapeworm 659

Porphyria, acute intermittent 175

Portal vein, cavernomatous transformation of 304

Poshan Abhiyaan 592, 743

Positive end-expiratory pressure 124, 708

Positron emission tomography 585

Posterior pharyngeal wall, cobblestone appearance of 240

Posterior superior iliac spine 398, 721

Postextubation 208

respiratory support 207

Posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation 212

Post-traumatic stress disorder 229

Potassium 72, 84

binding resins 398

sparing diuretics 80

supplements 423

Pott spine 332

Prader’s orchidometer 444

Prader-Willi syndrome 150

Prazosin 101, 587, 607

Prednisolone 401, 514

Pregnancy, ectopic 230

Prematurity, retinopathy of 504

Pressure overshoot 213

Preterm respiratory distress syndrome 207

Procalcitonin 385

Prolactin 228, 229, 230

Pronator sign 469

Propofol 110

lipid content of 110

mechanism of action of 110

Proptosis 486

Proseal laryngeal mask airway 329

Protamine sulfate 294

Protein 657

efficiency ratio 738

subunit vaccine 289

Proteinuria, orthostatic 418

Proteobacteria 65

Proteus 513

Prothrombin time 375

Pruritus 238

Pseudo-Bartter syndrome 330

Pseudobulbar dysarthria 3, 9

Pseudohyperaldosteronism 79

Pseudohyponatremia 85

Pseudomembranous colitis 254

Pseudomonas 498, 712

aeruginosa 269, 330, 363, 513

Pseudothrombocytopenia 268

Pseudotumor cerebri 469

Psoriasis 541

Psychiatric issues 229

Psychoeducation 60

Psychotherapy 229

Puberty 444

central precocious 441

precocious 34

Pubic hair 429, 435

Puddle sign 8

Puffiness, facial 406

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis 338

Pulmonary function test 326

Pulmonology 309, 750

Pulse

oximeter 99, 115, 135

pressure variation 124

Purified protein derivative 252, 331

Purpura fulminans 399

neonatal 396

Pyelonephritis 404

Pyknodysostosis 554, 644

Pyloric mass 569

Pyloromyotomy 208

Pyoderma gangrenosum 305

Pyopericardium 640

Pyramidal signs 449, 458

Pyranopterin monophosphate, cyclic 170

Pyrazinamide 333

Pyridoxamine 5’-phosphate oxidase deficiency 169

Pyridoxine 71, 162, 166, 169, 607

trial of 159

Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency 169, 174

Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency 169

Q

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction 151

Quantitative sweat chloride test 69

Quick sequential organ failure assessment score 109

Quinine 393, 424

Quotidian 247

R

Rabies vaccine 281

Rabishield 293

Raccoon eyes 12

Radial artery 137, 613, 619

Radiation 354

exposure 580

Radiofrequency ablation 361

Radionuclide scan 47

Radiotherapy 398

multiagent 401

Radius fractures 554

Raised intracranial pressure 466, 712

Ranibizumab 219

Rapamycin, mammalian target of 47, 480

Rapid diagnostic test 262

Rasburicase 396, 398

Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram 592, 736

Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram 231, 727

Rectus

inferior 482

lateral 482

Red blood cells 256

Red man syndrome 254

Red reflex examination 500

Reed-Sternberg cells 401

Reference growth chart 210

Refractory iron deficiency anemia 372

Renal artery stenosis 79

bilateral 411

Renal function test 75, 230, 378, 414, 616

Renal Pathology Society 410

Renal tubular acidosis 79, 167

Renin, low 79

Replogle tube 221

Respiration, accessory muscles of 17

Respiratory acidosis 622

acute 623

Respiratory chain defect 169

Respiratory distress 7, 16, 93, 115, 118, 131, 183, 184, 186, 187, 189, 191-193, 197, 386, 407, 625, 631, 632, 636, 638

nonpulmonary systemic causes of 103

syndrome 219, 708, 720

Respiratory infection, co-amoxiclav for 253

Respiratory rate 224

Respiratory support 196

noninvasive 199

Respiratory system 5, 91, 224, 238, 351

auscultation of 15

examination of 6

Respiratory tract infection, recurrent 37, 349

Restless leg syndrome 228

iron supplements for 228

Restless sleep 509

Resuscitation

program, neonatal 191

protocol, neonatal 749

Reticulocyte

hemoglobin concentration 394

index 718

Retinal achromatic patch 472

Retinal artery attenuation 457

Retinal hamartoma 472, 659

Retinitis pigmentosa 489, 493, 501, 503

Retinoblastoma 501, 503

Retinopathy 504, 681

Retropharyngeal space 646

widening of 646

Rett syndrome 473

Rhabdomyoma 659

Rheumatoid factor 258

Rheumatology 242, 243, 749

Rhinitis 258

Rhinorrhea 12, 330

chronic 509

purulent 318

Rhinosinusitis

acute bacterial 268

chronic 511

Rhythm 109, 110

Ribavirin 258

Riboflavin 162

Ribs, bilateral beading of 641

Richmond agitation sedation scale 129

Rickets 70, 735, 751

Rifampicin 254, 268, 333, 537

Rigors 253

Ringer’s lactate 446

Rinne test 511, 512, 672

Risdiplam 478

Risperidone 60

Rituximab 130, 400

indications of 131

Road traffic accident 647, 649, 709

Romano-Ward syndrome 364

Rooting reflex 10

Rotterdam criteria 441

Rubella 400, 423

cytomegalovirus 411

vaccine 234

Rumack-Matthew nomogram 102, 745

S

Sacral dimple 216

Salbutamol 713

nebulization 78, 398

Salicylate 606

extracorporeal removal of 606

poisoning 606

Saline

boluses 352

compresses 543

normal 73, 289, 605

Salivation, excessive 605

Salmonella isolates 255

Sanfilippo syndrome 50

Sapropterin 166

dihydrochloride 167

Scabies

crusted 529

infantile 529

Scarlatina toxins 265

Schistocytes 101, 393

Scimitar syndrome 360

Scoliosis 118, 420, 540

Scorpion bite 582

management of 587

SCORTEN score 538

Scrotum, acute 569

Seasonal flu vaccine 280

Seborrheic dermatitis 530

Sebum production 532

Secundum atrial septal defect, moderate 145

Sedation assessment tool 129

Seizures 10, 169, 207, 217, 369, 460, 465, 654

active 649

afebrile 616

complex febrile 476

febrile 749

focal 271, 650, 711

generalized 262

history of 55

hypoglycemic 160

metabolic 169

multifocal clonic 158

myoclonic 159

neonatal 222

refractory 158, 651

tonic clonic 75, 159, 450, 451, 711

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 229

Selenium 727, 744

Sensorineural deafness, mild high-tone 140

Sensorium 16, 465

altered 463, 647, 704

Sensory ataxia 14

Separation anxiety disorder 229

Sepsis 138, 241, 400, 666

features of 385

neonatal 219

Septic arthritis 214

Septran 397

Serine synthesis defect 169

Serum biotinidase level 164, 175

Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase 242

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase 242

Severe Anemia Public Health Programme 588

Severe continuous nighttime nasogastric feeds 308

Sexually transmitted

disease 230

infection 230

Shagreen patch 659

Shigella

dysenteriae 424

sonnei 269

Shock 616

anaphylactic 102

compensated 272, 437, 605

distributive 102

features of 731

hypotensive 117

management 109

obstructive types of 109

septic 712

types of 108

vasodilatory 712

Short stature 549, 662

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome 127, 393, 747

Sickle cell anemia 326

Signal extraction technology 220

Signet rings 328

Simple oxygen face mask 712

Single base-pair point mutation 399

Sinoatrial node 362

Sinus

arrhythmia 355

rhythm 345, 364

tachycardia 128, 355

Sinusitis, chronic 511

Sjögren syndrome 356, 717

Skin

changes 229

lesions 406, 517, 519, 533

asymptomatic hypopigmented 516

Sleep

disorders, specific 229

disturbance 224, 316

walking 228

Small bowel

biopsy 306

resection 87

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome 436

Smoke sign, puff of 475

Smooth philtrum 153

Snoring 226

disruptive 509

Snowman, head of 358

Social anxiety disorder 229

Sodium 84, 447

benzoate 167

therapy 168

calculate fractional excretion of 708

glucose cotransporter 1 protein 84

levels 718

nitrite 612

nitroprusside 102, 127

serum 74

thiosulfate 612

valproate 471

Soft systolic murmur 147

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome 305

Somnambulism 228

Somogyi phenomenon 446

Sore throat 506

Spasticity signs 458

Specific learning

disability 53

disorder 60, 61

Spectrophotometry 99

Sphenoid dysplasia 472

Spherocytosis, hereditary 394, 716

Spike-wave discharges 471

Spina ventosa 332

Spinal anomalies 575

Spinal cord compression 554

Spinal muscular atrophy 151, 464

Spine 461

Spirometry reading 311

Spironolactone 227

Splenomegaly 298, 370, 745

moderate 377

Splints 207

Split second heart sound 343

Spontaneous intestinal perforation 209

Spot calcium 415

Stabilize airway breathing 86

Staphylococcus aureus 138, 267, 274, 329, 498, 499, 513, 538, 552, 570, 646

methicillin resistant 380

methicillin-sensitive 636

Static renal scintigraphy 417

Sternum 221

Steroids 393, 400

medication 150

Stevens-Johnson syndrome 240

Stickler’s syndrome 148, 503

Stiripentol 471

Strabismus 460

Streptococcus

anginosus 499

pneumoniae 122, 138, 268, 269, 274, 329, 363, 424, 499, 512, 570, 645

pyogenes 138, 254, 265, 269, 329

Stress cytogenetics 394

Stridor 16

biphasic 510

String sign 208

Stroke

evaluation of 155

neonatal 212

volume 124

variation 124

Strongyloides 240

Sturge-Weber syndrome 473, 717

Subependymal nodules 480, 716

Subglottic stenosis, congenital 514

Substance

abuse 60

misuse 743

use 227, 229

Suckling technique 725

Suicidal behavior 60

Sulfa drugs 396

Superior mediastinal syndrome 398

Superior rectus 482, 497

Superior vena cava oxygen saturation 124

Supportive therapy 305

Supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection 358

Suprasternal retractions 707

Supraventricular tachycardia 97, 101, 128, 555, 751

episodes of 345

Surfactant replacement therapy 719

Surgery 398, 556

cardiac 142, 340

pediatric 750

Swelling 487, 524, 559

eyelid 486

foot 237

hands 237

leg 408

nontender 487

sudden onset 564

Swollen optic disc 502

Sydenham’s chorea 469

Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation 182

Syncope 59

lasting, episode of 349

vasovagal 238

Syphilis 400

congenital 423

Systemic lupus erythematosus 394, 525, 749

active 245

nephritis, diagnosis of 410

Systemic lupus international collaborating clinics 245

T

Tachyarrhythmias 109, 110

Tachycardia 7, 103, 196, 341, 350, 617

supraventricular 97, 101, 128, 555, 751

Tachypnea 6, 19, 252, 350, 558

transient 207

Tactile fremitus 14

Taenia solium 659

Takayasu arteritis 423

Talipes 736

equinovarus 552

Tandem mass spectrometry 146, 157

Tanner stage 25, 29

Technetium thyroid scintigraphy 442

Teicoplanin 267

Telangiectasia 328, 469, 536

ocular 48

Tenderness, metacarpophalangeal joints for 13

Tendon rupture 254

Testis

large 153

torsion 569

Testosterone 228

levels 230

Tethered cord syndrome 476

Thalassemia 749

major, transfusion-dependent 326

Theophylline 609

Thiamine 162, 166, 736

Thiazides 79

Throat, examination of 19

Thrombin 375

Thrombocytopenia 101, 381, 400, 571, 714

maternal autoimmune 400

Thrombocytopenic purpura, idiopathic 711

Thrombocytosis 82, 380

Thromboprophylaxis 392

Thrush, oral 264

Thumb sign 555

Thymic sail sign 638

Thyroid

disorders 58, 230

function tests 228

palpation 229

stimulating hormone 229, 430

Thyroxine deficiency 32

Tibial tuberosity, anteromedial 398

Timothy syndrome 364

Tinea

capitis, noninflammatory types of 542

corporis 540

Tinidazole 230

Tiredness 617

Tissue transglutaminase test 304

Tocilizumab 699, 711

Toes, discoloration of 377

Tongue fasciculations 478

Tonic clonic seizures, generalized 75, 159, 450, 451, 711

Tonic neck reflex, asymmetric 10

Topiramate 699, 711

Torsades de pointes 751

Tourette disorder 60

Toxic epidermal necrolysis 240, 537

Toxic metabolites, removal of 168

Toxic shock syndrome 291

Toxicology 598, 751

Toxidromes 598

Toxins 598, 599

adsorption of 609

Toxoplasmosis 411, 423

Tracheal deviation 14

Tracheoesophageal fistula 307

Traile’s sign 17

Tranexamic acid 395

Transaminases, elevated 160

Transfuse packed red blood cell 91

Transient aplastic crisis 270

Transpyloric line 8

Transtubular potassium gradient 81

Traube’s space 17

Traumatic brain injury 76

Tree-in-bud pattern 331

Tremor 431, 581

Trichomonas vaginalis 230

Trichophyton

mentagrophytes 542

rubrum 542

Tricuspid valve 555

Tricyclic antidepressants 88

Trientine 304

Triggers 307

Triglyceride 740

Triple A syndrome 436

Triple nucleotide repeat disorder 142

Triple phosphate 406

crystals 421

Trismus 506

Trivalent oral polio vaccine 584

Trivandrum Developmental Screening Chart 50

Trivial trauma 557

Truncus arteriosus 142

Trypsin, immunoreactive 330

Tubercular disease, severe 321

Tuberculin skin test 252

Tuberculoma 332, 479, 658

Tuberculosis 263, 320

intestinal 305

preventive therapy 324

pulmonary 320

Tuberous sclerosis 47, 426, 472, 659

complex 533

Tubular necrosis, acute 586

Tumors 536

benign 536

cardiac 356

lysis syndrome 82, 396, 398, 406, 419

solid 394

Turner syndrome 33, 229, 751

Tympanic membrane 485, 512

Typhoid

multidrug-resistant 255

polysaccharide vaccine, dose of 276

Typhus 363

Tyrosinemia, classical 167

U

Ulcers

multiple 237

oral 305

Ulna fractures 554

Ulnar artery 137, 613

Ultrasonogram, normal prenatal 420

Umbilical cord 576, 716

hernia of 577

Umbilical sepsis 745

Unfortified human milk 208

Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding 745

Upper motor neuron lesion 464

Upper respiratory

infection, self-limiting viral 464

system, examination of 18

tract infection 510

Urate oxidase 398

Urea cycle disorder 169

Ureaplasma 230

Uric acid, serum 158

Urinalysis, complete 750

Urinary tract infection 403

recurrent 406

febrile 417

Urine 75

alkalinization of 606

anion gap 420

arsenic 586

dipstick 408

discoloration of 557

gas chromatography mass spectrometry 160

ketones 436

microscopy 409

organic acids 168

osmolarity 75

output 413

potassium 80

pregnancy test 230

sodium 75

succinylacetone 167

sulfocysteine 170

Urticaria 64, 240

Uterine

bleeding, abnormal 230

pathologies 230

V

Vaccine 276

carrier 285

inactivated 288

light sensitive 291

live 288

programs 280

storage 280

Vagal maneuvers 362

Vaginal delivery, normal 157

Vaginal discharge 225

Vague chest pain 624

Valganciclovir 258

Valine 166

Valproate 699, 711

Valves, unilateral reflux and dysplasia syndrome 420

Vancomycin 254, 539, 646

Varicella 289

vaccine 278, 288

zoster

immunoglobulin 271

virus 498

Vasodilatation, pulmonary 222

Vasodilator therapy 120

Vaso-occlusive crisis 270

Vena cava, inferior 124

Venous blood gas 706

Venous blood, appearance of 605

Venous sinus thrombosis 86

Ventilation, noninvasive 115

Ventricular

dilatation 212

fibrillation 630, 751

flutter 751

index 212

relaxation 121

septal defect 145, 350

closure of 389

tachycardia 110, 128, 357, 356, 630, 751

Venturi masks 103

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis 240

Vesicoureteral reflux 405, 572

unilateral 573

Vesicular skin lesions 259

Vesiculobullous lesions 536

Vessels 502

Vestibular schwannomas, bilateral 540

Vidarabine 258

Vigabatrin 47, 699, 711

Villi, flattening of 304

Vincristine 393, 401

Vision

acuity of 481

defective 633

developmental milestones in 481

regression 460

Visual acuity 481, 496

Visual field defects 482

Visual loss 499

Vital signs 354

Vitamin 724

A

deficiency 497, 679, 680

dose of 285

prophylaxis 276

supplementation 305

B12 162

deficiency 503

C 49, 174

supplements 739

D 646

active 421

deficiency rickets 70, 735

levels 70

metabolism 735

status 70

supplementation 305

deficiency, fat-soluble 154

E supplementation 305

K

antagonists 400

deficiency 400

supplementation 305

Vocal cord guide 715

Voice, hoarseness of 252

Volpe’s grading 217

Volume-pressure loop 218

Volumetric pumps 111

Vomiting 193, 653

episodes of 94, 730

nonbilious 625

nonprojectile 648

persistent 615

recurrent 315, 652

bouts of 302

von Hippel-Lindau disease 717

von Willebrand

disease 230, 395

factor 395

Voriconazole 395

Voxelotor 392

Vulval edema 411

W

Waardenburg syndrome 213

Wangenstein-Rice invertogram 574

Wart, viral 537

Warty lesions 520

Water

deprivation test 133

vapor, partial pressure of 209

Wavelength 206

Weakness

neuromuscular 635

sudden onset 464

Weber test 511

Weight 28

loss of 331, 431

Wernicke’s aphasia 3, 9

Westley croup score 327

Wheeze

acute exacerbation of 72

recurrent acute 314

White blood cell 242, 256

White-coat hypertension 426

Williams-Campbell syndromes 149, 328

Wilms’s tumor 398, 423, 426

Wilson’s disease 304, 501, 717

Winter’s formula 620

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 400

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome 110, 360, 751

Wolman syndrome 436

World Breastfeeding Week 589

Worsening nasal discharge 257

Wound

lacerated 647

minor 295

Wrist sign 555

X

Xeroderma pigmentosum 535

Xiphoid pointing 640

Y

Yellow eye discoloration 388

Yellow fever 288

Yellow nail syndrome 328

Young syndrome 328

Z

Zellweger spectrum disorder 174

Zellweger syndrome 426

Zika virus infection 679, 689

Zinc 304, 727, 744

Zireli’s sign 530

Zolgensma 478