a. Hearing aid

b.

• • Microphone
• • Amplifier
• • Receiver
• • Microchip
• • Battery.

c.

• • Invisible
• • Behind the ear
• • In the ear canal.

• a. Oto acoustic emission (OAE) testing device.
• b. Inner ear.
• c. In healthy cochlea, vibration of the hair cells in response to noise generates the acoustic energy-called oto acoustic emission. Probe is placed in ear canal and generates a click. The energy produced is detected by a microphone within the probe.
• d. Needs quite baby.

No debris in ear canal; chances of false positivity high if performed in first 24 hours of birth due to chances of presence of vernix or other debris in the ear canal.

Only assess function of ear- no assessment of neural pathway. Its a screening test. Failed OAE should be confirmed by BERA later.

• a. Laryngeal mask airway
• b. Indication
• • Difficult airway
• • Routine airway opening
• • Pre hospital airway management.
• c. Complication
• • Aspiration
• • Dislodgement
• • Upper airway trauma.
• c. Contraindication
• • Complete upper airway obstruction
• • Increased risk of aspiration
• Prolonged bag-valve-mask ventilation
• Patients who have not fasted before ventilation
• – Upper gastrointestinal bleed.
• • Suspected or known abnormalities in supraglottic anatomy
• • Need for high airway pressures.

• • Assemble the device correctly.
• • With a flow/self inflating bag occlude the face mask against the palm.
• • Look for following of features as you squeeze the bag
  • a. You should feel pressure against the palm.
  • b. The fish mouth valve should open and close.
  • c. The pop off valve should make a hissing sound or move up and down.
  • d. The bag should recoil instantly when pressure is released.
  • e. If a pressure manometer is attached it should display the pressure when bag is squeezed.

Absence of any of the above feature suggests malfunction.

i. T-piece resuscitator x`

ii.

• • The inspiratory pressure control—sets the amount of pressure delivered during a normal assisted breath.
• • The maximum pressure relief control is a safety feature that prevents the pressure from exceeding a preset value (usually 40 cm H2 O, but adjustable).

iii.

Advantages

• 1. Consistent delivery of PIP and PEEP.
• 2. Can be used to provide free flow oxygen reliably—21–100 % (with blender)
• 3. Provider does not get tired from ventilation.

Disadvantages

• 1. Needs compressed gas with a blender.
• 2. Requires pressures to be set prior to use.
• 3. Changing inflation pressure during resuscitation is more difficult.
• 4. Risks of prolonged inspiratory time.

• a. Transcutaneous bilirubinometer.
• b. Forehead and the upper end of sternum.
• c. Non invasive.

Cannot be used in babies' already receiving/received phototherapy (unless the area is covered during treatment).

Sound level monitor.

Flux meter.

• a. Single umbilical artery
• b. B
• c. C
• d. Genitourinary followed by cardiovascular and musculoskeletal.

• a. Therapeutic hypothermia.
• b. Whole body cooling device.

c.

• • Delayed intracardiac conduction with sinus bradycardia
• • Prolonged QT interval
• • Ventricular arrhythmias
• • Reduced cardiac output
• • Hypotension
• • Reduction in surfactant production
• • Increase pulmonary vascular resistance
• • Increase oxygen consumption and oxygen requirement
• • Affects coagulation cascade and viscosity—coagulopathy that may be complicated by thrombus or hemorrhage
• • Anemia
• • Thrombocytopenia
• • Leukopenia–increase risk of sepsis
• • Renal impairment
• • Metabolic and lactic acidosis
• • Hypokalemia
• • Hypoglycemia
• • Impaired liver function.

a.

• • Hyperbilirubinemia
• • Subarachnoid hemorrhage
• • Markedly elevated CSF protein
• • Carotenemia.

b.

• • TB meningitis
• • GBS
• • Tumors of spinal cord or brain
• • Degenerative disorders
• • Vasculitis
• • Multiple sclerosis.

c.

• • Bacterial meningitis

• • TBM

• • Fungal meningitis

• • Aseptic meningitis

• • Neoplasms of meninges.

• d. Elevated cell count—WBC or RBC

• • Name the device

• • Enlist 5 common complications associated with the device

• • Name the commonest hazard associated with malfunctioning of device and remediate actions

• • Enlist 5 indications of usage.